Meloche Colette, Murphy Stephen D
Department of Environment and Resource Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Environ Manage. 2006 Jun;37(6):764-72. doi: 10.1007/s00267-003-0151-x.
The Carolinian Life Zone in southwestern Ontario, Canada is valued because it represents an almost disjunct ecosystem (i.e., one that is typical of the mid-Atlantic United States, rather than the rest of Canada or the nearby states in the United States). The landscape of the Carolinian Life Zone has undergone dramatic transformation, especially in recent decades as agriculture, urbanization, and recreation have intensified. One of the most apparent changes is the invasion of exotic plant species that exacerbates the need for mass restoration efforts. Within the Carolinian Life Zone, Rondeau Provincial Park has experienced an influx of nonindigenous, invasive species in recent years. Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is one example. The infestation is still relatively localized to (mainly) the park, slowly spreading, and manageable as long as something is done immediately. We examined the effects of hand-pulling and mulching, cut stump and glyphosate application, cut stump alone, and the EZJect Capsule Injection System (using glyphosate) on the management of A. altissima within the park. Cut stump and glyphosate treatment was most effective and efficient in its control of young A. altissima shoots because it limits disturbance and has acceptable capital and operating costs. Hand-pulling and mulching was the second choice, mainly because of the risk of additional disturbance that increased shoot densities 1 year after treatment. Cut stump alone was not effective, worsened the infestation, and is not recommended for this species. The EZJect system was effective at managing mature, seed-producing shoots, although the somewhat higher capital costs mean that the system probably should be purchased for management of several invasive tree species to make it more cost-effective.
加拿大安大略省西南部的卡罗来纳生命区很有价值，因为它代表了一个几乎不连续的生态系统（即一种典型的美国中大西洋地区的生态系统，而非加拿大其他地区或美国附近各州的生态系统）。卡罗来纳生命区的景观已经历了巨大的转变，尤其是在最近几十年，随着农业、城市化和娱乐活动的加剧。最明显的变化之一是外来植物物种的入侵，这加剧了大规模恢复工作的必要性。在卡罗来纳生命区内，朗多省立公园近年来经历了非本土入侵物种的大量涌入。臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）就是一个例子。这种侵扰目前仍相对局限于（主要是）公园内，扩散缓慢，只要立即采取措施就可以控制。我们研究了手工拔除并覆盖、砍树桩并施用草甘膦、仅砍树桩以及EZJect胶囊注射系统（使用草甘膦）对公园内臭椿治理的效果。砍树桩并施用草甘膦处理在控制臭椿幼嫩新梢方面最为有效和高效，因为它限制了干扰，且资本和运营成本可以接受。手工拔除并覆盖是第二选择，主要是因为存在额外干扰的风险，这种干扰会在处理后1年增加新梢密度。仅砍树桩并不有效，反而会使侵扰情况恶化，因此不推荐用于治理该物种。EZJect系统在管理成熟的、产籽新梢方面有效，不过资本成本略高，这意味着可能应该购买该系统用于治理多种入侵树种，以提高成本效益。
