果蝇种群中 r 选择和 K 选择之间的权衡。
Trade-off between r-selection and K-selection in Drosophila populations.
机构信息
Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Feb;78(2):1303-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.2.1303.
Density-dependent genetic evolution was tested in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster subject for eight generations to natural selection under high (K-selection) or low (r-selection) population density regimes. The test consisted of determining at high and at low densities the per capita rate of population growth of the selected populations. At high densities, the K-selected populations showed a higher per capita rate of population growth than did r-selected populations, but the reverse was true at low densities. These results corroborate the predictions derived from formal models of density-dependent selection. However, no evidence of a trade-off in per capita rate of growth was observed in 25 populations of D. melanogaster, each homozygous for a different second chromosome sampled from a natural population.
在经历了八代针对高（K-选择）或低（r-选择）种群密度条件下的自然选择的实验种群中，检测了密度依赖的遗传进化。该测试包括在高和低种群密度下确定被选择种群的个体种群增长率。在高种群密度下，K-选择种群的个体种群增长率高于 r-选择种群，但在低种群密度下则相反。这些结果证实了来自密度依赖选择的正式模型的预测。然而，在 25 个 D. melanogaster 种群中，每个种群都从自然种群中同态的第二染色体上采样，没有观察到个体种群增长率的权衡。
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