Department of Plant Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76 100, Israel.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6524-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6524.
Several aneuploid lines and one intervarietal substitution line of the hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42; genomes AABBDD) cv. Chinese Spring were used to study the effects of different doses of chromosomes 1B, 1D, or 1A on the amount of the high molecular weight ("HMW") glutenins and gliadins of endosperm. These homeologous chromosomes carry HMW glutenin and gliadin gene clusters on their long and short arms, respectively. Increasing the dosage of chromosome 1B of Chinese Spring in plants having in their 3n endosperm zero or the normal three doses of the homeologue 1D, as well as in plants carrying in their endosperm one dose of 1B of the cultivar Timstein, had a dual effect: on one hand, a nonlinear increase in the amount of each subunit encoded by the chromosome whose dosage was elevated and, on the other hand, a compensating nonspecific decrease in the amount of other HMW glutenin and gliadin subunits encoded either by the homeoalleles on 1D or by the homoalleles on 1B of Timstein, respectively. Deletion of chromosome arm 1BL, which carries only a few HMW glutenin genes, had no significant effect on the amount of HMW glutenins encoded by 1DL and HMW gliadins encoded by 1DS and 1BS. However, deletion of 1BS or 1DS, each carrying many gliadin genes, caused a significant but nonspecific increase in the HMW glutenins and gliadins encoded by the remaining arms of 1B and 1D. The possible mechanism and evolutionary implications of gene-dosage compensation in polyploid wheat are discussed.
几个六倍体小麦（2n = 6x = 42；基因组 AABBDD）春小麦品种的非整倍体系和一个种间代换系被用来研究不同剂量的 1B、1D 或 1A 染色体对胚乳高分子量（“HMW”）谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量的影响。这些同源染色体分别在其长臂和短臂上携带 HMW 谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白基因簇。在具有 3n 胚乳的植物中增加春小麦的 1B 染色体剂量，这些植物的同源物 1D 中要么没有零剂量，要么有正常的三剂量，或者在植物的胚乳中携带蒂姆斯坦品种的 1B 一个剂量，具有双重效应：一方面，剂量升高的染色体编码的每个亚基的数量呈非线性增加，另一方面，由同源等位基因 1D 编码的其他 HMW 谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白亚基的数量相应地非特异性减少，或者由同源等位基因 1B 的蒂姆斯坦分别编码。删除仅携带少数 HMW 谷蛋白基因的 1BL 染色体臂对 1DL 编码的 HMW 谷蛋白和 1DS 和 1BS 编码的 HMW 醇溶蛋白的数量没有显著影响。然而，删除携带许多醇溶蛋白基因的 1BS 或 1DS 会导致 1B 和 1D 剩余臂编码的 HMW 谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白数量显著但非特异性增加。多倍体小麦中基因剂量补偿的可能机制和进化意义进行了讨论。
