Institute of Geography, Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow, U.S.S.R. 109017.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):5986-91. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.16.5986.
The International Geosphere Biosphere Program sponsored by the International Council of Scientific Unions is directing attention to geophysical and biological change as influenced by human modifications in global energy and mass exchanges. Geographers in the Soviet Union and the United States have joined in critical appraisal of their experience in studying environmental change. This initial report is on some promising approaches, such as the reconstruction of earlier landscape processes, modeling of the dynamics of present-day landscapes, analysis of causes and consequences of anthropogenic changes in specified regions, appraisal of social response to change, and enhanced geographic information systems supported by detailed site studies.
由国际科学联合会理事会发起的国际地圈生物圈计划将关注人类对全球能量和物质交换的改变所带来的地球物理和生物变化。苏联和美国的地理学家已经联合起来，对他们在研究环境变化方面的经验进行了批判性评估。本初步报告介绍了一些有希望的方法，例如重建早期的景观过程、模拟当前景观的动态、分析特定区域人为变化的原因和后果、评估社会对变化的反应，以及在详细现场研究的支持下增强地理信息系统。
