Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of synthetic insecticides and Callitris glaucophylla extracts on the development of Aedes aegypti.

Synthetic and botanical insecticides can have a profound effect on the developmental period, growth, adult emergence, fecundity, fertility, and egg hatch, resulting in effective control at sub-lethal concentrations. This paper investigated sub-lethal concentrations of fenitrothion, lambda-cyhalothrin, and Callitris glaucophylla Joy Thomps. & L.P. Johnson (Cupressaceae) extract to characterize their effects on the development of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae. The LC25, LC50, and LC75 (four replicates) were used for each synthetic insecticide and the LC25 and LC75 (four replicates) were used for C. glaucophylla. Observations of larval mortality, duration of larval stage, pupal mortality, duration of pupal stage, adult emergence, sex ratio, and malformations were recorded over 14 days. A dose-response effect was observed for all insecticides. Although C. glaucophylla extract doses were higher than synthetic insecticide doses, the LC75 treatment outperformed synthetics by completely prohibiting adult emergence. Consequently, this botanical is recommended for field application either in combination with synthetic or natural insecticides or alone.