Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons with nitrosamines and nitramines in water.

Absolute rate constants for hydroxyl radical, *OH, and hydrated electron, e(aq)(-), reactions with low-molecular-weight nitrosamines and nitramines in water at room temperature were measured using the techniques of electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy. The bimolecular rate constants obtained, k (M(-1) s(-1)), for e(aq)(-) and *OH reactions, respectively, were as follows: methylethylnitrosamine, (1.67 +/- 0.06) x 10(10) and (4.95 +/- 0.21) x 10(8); diethylnitrosamine, (1.61 +/- 0.06) x 10(10) and (6.99 +/- 0.28) x 10(8); dimethylnitramine, (1.91 +/- 0.07) x 10(10) and (5.44 +/- 0.20) x 10(8); methylethylnitramine, (1.83 +/- 0.15) x 10(10) and (7.60 +/- 0.43) x 10(8); and diethylnitramine, (1.76 +/- 0.07) x 10(10) and (8.67 +/- 0.48) x 10(8), respectively. MNP/DMPO spin-trapping experiments demonstrated that hydroxyl radical reaction with these compounds occurs by hydrogen atom abstraction from an alkyl group, while the reaction of the hydrated electron was to form a transient radical anion. The latter adduct formation implies that the excess electron could subsequently be transferred to regenerate the parent chemical, which would significantly reduce the effectiveness of any free-radical-based remediation effort on nitrosamine/nitramine-contaminated waters.