Baschat Ahmet Alexander, Harman Chris R
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Apr;18(2):156-63. doi: 10.1097/01.gco.0000192988.07471.f9.
The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in the Doppler assessment of the fetal venous circulation with special reference to clinical applications in the human fetus.
Doppler evaluation of the fetal venous circulation has increased our understanding of fetal cardiovascular function. Examples include the regulatory role of the ductus venosus in fetal nutrient partitioning and the significance of venous and arterial circulatory watershed areas. Alterations in cardiac afterload, contractility compliance, intravascular volume status and heart rate modulate venous and arterial flow velocity waveforms. Concurrent examination of these cardiovascular factors is of great importance in fetal growth restriction, complicated monochorionic multiple gestation, fetal hydrops and arrhythmia. In these conditions, comprehensive Doppler assessment provides critical diagnostic and prognostic information and has a key role in directing interventions.
Venous Doppler has added a critical dimension to the understanding of fetal cardiovascular pathophysiology. In both health and disease, venous Doppler must now occupy a fundamental position in the comprehensive assessment of the fetal circulation.
本综述旨在强调胎儿静脉循环多普勒评估的最新进展，并特别提及在人类胎儿中的临床应用。
胎儿静脉循环的多普勒评估增进了我们对胎儿心血管功能的理解。例如，静脉导管在胎儿营养分配中的调节作用以及静脉和动脉循环分水岭区域的意义。心脏后负荷、收缩性顺应性、血管内容量状态和心率的改变会调节静脉和动脉血流速度波形。在胎儿生长受限、复杂性单绒毛膜多胎妊娠、胎儿水肿和心律失常中，同时检查这些心血管因素非常重要。在这些情况下，全面的多普勒评估可提供关键诊断和预后信息，并在指导干预措施方面发挥关键作用。
静脉多普勒为理解胎儿心血管病理生理学增添了关键维度。在健康和疾病状态下
