Ksiazkiewicz Lucyna Katska
Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska Street 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
Reprod Biol. 2006 Mar;6(1):3-16.
The mammalian ovary contains a large number of follicles that are in various developmental stages. The largest portion of them are primordial follicles. However, throughout the female reproductive lifespan only a small proportion of these follicles will produce oocytes competent to undergo successful maturation and ovulation. The rest of the ovarian oocytes (>99.9%) undergo atresia. It would be of great practical benefit to rescue some of these follicles by growing them in culture in order to provide an extra source of gametes. There is considerable interest in developing technologies that aim to produce fully-grown, developmentally competent oocytes from a pool of early developmental stages of follicles. Two methods have been used: 1/ long-term in vitro culture of either follicles or oocytes, and 2/ transplantation of ovarian tissue grafts. The development of efficient technologies may provide an additional source of oocytes for livestock production and reproduction in humans and rare or endangered species. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of recent achievements in the utilization of small ovarian follicles (primordial, preantral and early antral) by long-term in vitro culture and/or transplantation of ovarian tissue grafts (fresh and cryopreserved) in mammals including humans.
哺乳动物的卵巢含有大量处于不同发育阶段的卵泡。其中最大部分是原始卵泡。然而，在整个雌性生殖寿命期间，这些卵泡中只有一小部分会产生能够成功成熟和排卵的卵母细胞。其余的卵巢卵母细胞（>99.9%）会发生闭锁。通过在体外培养使其中一些卵泡生长，从而提供额外的配子来源，将具有很大的实际益处。人们对开发旨在从卵泡早期发育阶段产生完全成熟、具有发育能力的卵母细胞的技术有着浓厚兴趣。已采用两种方法：1/卵泡或卵母细胞的长期体外培养，以及2/卵巢组织移植物的移植。高效技术的发展可为家畜生产以及人类和珍稀或濒危物种的生殖提供额外的卵母细胞来源。本文的目的是全面综述哺乳动物（包括人类）通过长期体外培养和/或卵巢组织移植物（新鲜和冷冻保存）移植来利用小卵泡（原始卵泡、初级卵泡和早期窦状卵泡）的最新成果。
