Todd Keith J, Robitaille Richard
Département de Physiologie and Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Pflugers Arch. 2006 Aug;452(5):608-14. doi: 10.1007/s00424-006-0068-3. Epub 2006 Apr 8.
Purines have physiologically important functions throughout the nervous system. In both the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), purines in the form of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine can play a number of roles in neuronal activation and inhibition. In addition, purines are known to be important for glial cell signaling in both the CNS and PNS. In the PNS, the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an excellent model for studying simple synaptic interactions. It is well suited to investigations of neuron-glia interactions because synaptic properties are well defined and perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), glial cells at the NMJ, dynamically interact with the pre- and postsynaptic elements. At the NMJ, purines are critical for presynaptic modulation but also for neuron-glia interactions. Purines signal to PSCs through metabotropic and ionotropic receptors and activation of these receptors can have both modulatory and activating functions. This review will discuss recent developments in our understanding of purinergic modulation of the NMJ with an emphasis on the involvement of purines in neuron-glia interactions at this synapse.
嘌呤在整个神经系统中具有重要的生理功能。在中枢神经系统（CNS）和外周神经系统（PNS）中，三磷酸腺苷和腺苷形式的嘌呤在神经元激活和抑制中可发挥多种作用。此外，已知嘌呤对CNS和PNS中的神经胶质细胞信号传导也很重要。在PNS中，神经肌肉接头（NMJ）是研究简单突触相互作用的理想模型。它非常适合研究神经元 - 神经胶质细胞相互作用，因为突触特性明确，并且突触周围施万细胞（PSC），即NMJ处的神经胶质细胞，与突触前和突触后元件动态相互作用。在NMJ，嘌呤不仅对突触前调节至关重要，而且对神经元 - 神经胶质细胞相互作用也很关键。嘌呤通过代谢型和离子型受体向PSC发出信号，这些受体的激活可具有调节和激活功能。本综述将讨论我们对NMJ嘌呤能调节理解的最新进展，重点是嘌呤在该突触处神经元 - 神经胶质细胞相互作用中的作用。
