Ko Chien-Ping, Robitaille Richard
Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2520.
Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Aug 20;7(10):a020503. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a020503.
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is engineered to be a highly reliable synapse to carry the control of the motor commands of the nervous system over the muscles. Its development, organization, and synaptic properties are highly structured and regulated to support such reliability and efficacy. Yet, the NMJ is also highly plastic, able to react to injury and adapt to changes. This balance between structural stability and synaptic efficacy on one hand and structural plasticity and repair on another hand is made possible by the intricate regulation of perisynaptic Schwann cells, glial cells at this synapse. They regulate both the efficacy and structural plasticity of the NMJ in a dynamic, bidirectional manner owing to their ability to decode synaptic transmission and by their interactions via trophic-related factors.
神经肌肉接头（NMJ）被设计成一个高度可靠的突触，以实现神经系统对肌肉运动指令的控制。其发育、组织和突触特性具有高度的结构性和规范性，以支持这种可靠性和有效性。然而，神经肌肉接头也具有高度的可塑性，能够对损伤做出反应并适应变化。突触周围施万细胞（该突触处的神经胶质细胞）的复杂调节使得一方面结构稳定性和突触效能与另一方面结构可塑性和修复之间的这种平衡成为可能。由于它们能够解码突触传递以及通过与营养相关因子的相互作用，它们以动态、双向的方式调节神经肌肉接头的效能和结构可塑性。
