Rittmann B E
Arizona State University, Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 1001 S. McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, USA.
Water Sci Technol. 2006;53(3):219-25. doi: 10.2166/wst.2006.096.
Many exciting new technologies for water-quality control combine microbiological processes with adsorption, advanced oxidation, a membrane or an electrode to improve performance, address emerging contaminants or capture renewable energy. An excellent example is the H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which delivers H2 gas to a biofilm that naturally accumulates on the outer surface of a bubbleless membrane. Autotrophic bacteria in the biofilm oxidise the H2 and use the electrons to reduce NO3-, CIO4- and other oxidised contaminants. This natural partnership of membranes and biofilm makes it possible to gain many cost, performance and simplicity advantages from using H2 as the electron donor for microbially catalysed reductions. The MBfR has been demonstrated for denitrification in drinking water; reduction of perchlorate in groundwater; reduction of selenate, chromate, trichloroethene and other emerging contaminants; advanced N removal in wastewater treatment and autotrophic total-N removal.
许多令人兴奋的水质控制新技术将微生物过程与吸附、高级氧化、膜或电极相结合，以提高性能、处理新出现的污染物或获取可再生能源。一个很好的例子是基于氢气的膜生物膜反应器（MBfR），它将氢气输送到自然积累在无泡膜外表面的生物膜上。生物膜中的自养细菌氧化氢气，并利用电子还原硝酸根、高氯酸根和其他氧化态污染物。膜与生物膜的这种天然结合使得以氢气作为微生物催化还原的电子供体能够获得许多成本、性能和简易性方面的优势。MBfR已被证明可用于饮用水脱氮；地下水中高氯酸盐的还原；硒酸盐、铬酸盐、三氯乙烯和其他新出现污染物的还原；废水处理中的深度氮去除以及自养总氮去除。
