Gillissen A, Gessner C, Hammerschmidt S, Hoheisel G, Wirtz H
Robert-Koch-Klinik, Klinikum "St. Georg", Leipzig.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2006 Jan 12;148(1-2):26-8.
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by a virus, while the chronic form is due to inhalative noxae (in most cases decades of cigarette smoking). Both varieties are diagnosed on a clinical basis. Treatment of acute bronchitis is symptomatic. A sore throat is treated locally, and a troublesome, in particular nocturnal, cough with antitussive agents applied for a limited period (14 days). If bronchial mucus is viscous and difficult to clear, short-term treatment with a secretolytic or mucolytic substance is justified. Management of chronic bronchitis consists primarily in the elimination of the noxae. Treatment with antibiotics (usually oral) makes good sense only when there is a bacteriological infection of the upper or lower airways in an acute stage, such as infection-driven exacerbation of chronic obstructive bronchitis (COPD).
急性支气管炎通常由病毒引起，而慢性支气管炎则是由于吸入有害物质（大多数情况下是数十年的吸烟）所致。两种类型均根据临床症状进行诊断。急性支气管炎的治疗是对症治疗。喉咙痛进行局部治疗，对于令人烦恼的咳嗽，尤其是夜间咳嗽，可在有限时间（14天）内使用镇咳药。如果支气管黏液黏稠且难以咳出，则短期使用促分泌剂或黏液溶解剂进行治疗是合理的。慢性支气管炎的治疗主要在于消除有害物质。仅在急性阶段上呼吸道或下呼吸道发生细菌感染时，如感染引发的慢性阻塞性支气管炎（COPD）加重，使用抗生素（通常为口服）治疗才有意义。
