Lode H M, Erbes R, Linnhoff A
Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Department Lungenklinik Heckeshorn.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2006 Jan 12;148(1-2):32-5. doi: 10.1007/BF03364510.
The classical form of a community-acquired pneumonia is that caused by infection with pneumococcus, and differs clinically from atypical pneumonia in particular by fever-related differences. The diagnosis is based on the five cardinal symptoms: fever, cough, sputum production, pleuritic chest pain and a pulmonary infiltrate. Depending on whether there are further risk factors involved, a more or less comprehensive clinical and laboratory diagnostic work-up is needed. As a rule, oral antibiotic treatment with aminopenicillin, macrolides, fluorchinolones, ketolides or cephalosporins is applied, but decision-taking is also codetermined, for example, by whether an atypical pneumonia is suspected, or whether additional risk factors need to be taken into account.
社区获得性肺炎的经典形式是由肺炎球菌感染引起的，在临床上与非典型肺炎的区别尤其在于发热相关的差异。诊断基于五个主要症状：发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸膜炎性胸痛和肺部浸润。根据是否存在其他危险因素，需要进行或多或少全面的临床和实验室诊断检查。通常采用口服抗生素治疗，使用氨基青霉素、大环内酯类、氟喹诺酮类、酮内酯类或头孢菌素，但决策也受到例如是否怀疑是非典型肺炎或是否需要考虑其他危险因素等因素的共同影响。
