Trongtokit Yuwadee, Curtis Christopher F, Rongsriyam Yupha
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2005 Nov;36(6):1423-31.
The efficacy of 9 repellents (8 commercial repellents and one product under development) was evaluated on the skin at dosages of 0.65 and 1.7 mg of product/cm2, the latter dosage being the industrial standard for deet based repellents. The repellents were applied to the arm or lower leg of a human subject and tested against Anopheles stephensi in a cage or flying freely in a mosquito-proof room. In the cage tests, a product with 20% p-menthane-3, 8-diol (PMD) active ingredient provided complete repellency for 7-8 hours, while with 10% PMD had complete repellency for only 30 minutes. The natural oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) (10% active ingredient) plus makaen (Zanthoxylum limonella) (10% active ingredient) gave protection for 4-5 hours. In the case of free flying mosquitoes, products with 20% and 30% PMD gave complete protection for 11-12 hours at a dosage of 1.7 mg/cm2 or 6 hours at half the dosage, while the product with 10% PMD afforded protection for less than 2 hours. At the higher dosage rate 40% citronella and hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate, a new synthetic compound, provided complete repellency for 7 hours. Fifty percent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) was effective for 30 hours if left undisturbed on the skin.
对9种驱避剂（8种市售驱避剂和1种正在研发的产品）进行了皮肤功效评估，产品剂量分别为0.65毫克/平方厘米和1.7毫克/平方厘米，后一剂量是避蚊胺类驱避剂的工业标准剂量。将这些驱避剂涂抹在人体受试者的手臂或小腿上，并在笼子里或在防蚊室内自由飞行的情况下，针对斯氏按蚊进行测试。在笼子测试中，一种含有20%对薄荷烷-3,8-二醇（PMD）活性成分的产品能提供7 - 8小时的完全驱避效果，而含有10% PMD的产品只有30分钟的完全驱避效果。丁香（丁香属）天然油（10%活性成分）加山苍子（山苍子属）（10%活性成分）能提供4 - 5小时的防护。在自由飞行蚊子的情况下，含有20%和30% PMD的产品在剂量为1.7毫克/平方厘米时能提供11 - 12小时的完全防护，或在剂量减半时提供6小时的防护，而含有10% PMD的产品防护时间不到2小时。在较高剂量率下，40%香茅油和一种新的合成化合物异丁基哌啶羧酸羟乙酯能提供7小时的完全驱避效果。50%避蚊胺（N,N - 二乙基 - 3 - 甲基苯甲酰胺）如果不接触皮肤可有效30小时。
