McDougall Megan R, Hay David A, Bennett Kellie S
School of Psychology, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006 Feb;9(1):148-54. doi: 10.1375/183242706776403118.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder which occurs more often in twins than singletons. This article focuses on the psychosocial consequences of having a co-twin with ADHD. Specifically, the level of anxiety (generalized and separation) in non-ADHD children who have a co-twin with ADHD is examined using data from the Australian Twin ADHD Project (ATAP). Parental report data on 501 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs aged 6 to 15 and their siblings were used to examine (i) anxiety symptoms in twin pairs discordant for ADHD, (ii) how the effects of an ADHD twin on their co-twin and siblings are related to the type of ADHD, and (iii) whether the effects are greater for the nonaffected twin than nontwin siblings. Results show that anxiety was high in co-twins of children with the combined subtype of ADHD, with increased symptoms of both generalized and separation anxiety. Inattentive ADHD had smaller effects, which were confined to generalized anxiety and were specific to the co-twin rather than other siblings. These results have clinical implications in managing the entire multiple birth family where one twin has ADHD, and also has implications for genetic analysis in modeling the relationship of ADHD to internalizing disorders.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的儿童疾病，在双胞胎中比在单胎中更常出现。本文重点关注有患ADHD双胞胎的心理社会后果。具体而言，利用澳大利亚双胞胎ADHD项目（ATAP）的数据，研究了有患ADHD双胞胎的非ADHD儿童的焦虑水平（广泛性焦虑和分离性焦虑）。关于501对6至15岁的异卵（DZ）双胞胎及其兄弟姐妹的父母报告数据用于研究：（i）ADHD不一致的双胞胎对中的焦虑症状；（ii）患ADHD的双胞胎对其同胞和兄弟姐妹的影响如何与ADHD的类型相关；以及（iii）对于未受影响的双胞胎来说，这种影响是否比对非双胞胎的兄弟姐妹更大。结果表明，患有ADHD混合型的儿童的双胞胎焦虑程度较高，广泛性焦虑和分离性焦虑症状均有所增加。注意力不集中型ADHD的影响较小，仅限于广泛性焦虑，且仅针对双胞胎而非其他兄弟姐妹。这些结果对于管理有一个双胞胎患ADHD的整个多胞胎家庭具有临床意义，对于建立ADHD与内化障碍关系的遗传分析也具有意义。
