Thacker Eileen L
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA.
Vet Res. 2006 May-Jun;37(3):469-86. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2006011. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
Inflammation is an important manifestation of respiratory disease in domestic animals. The respiratory system is mucosal in nature and has specific defense mechanisms used to control invasion by microbes and environmental elements. Inflammation can be beneficial or detrimental to the host. This article broadly discusses the primary mediators and mechanisms of inflammation within the respiratory tract of domestic animals. The role of cells, chemokines, cytokines and mediators in both acute and chronic inflammation are addressed. The pathogenesis of the initial insult determines the type of inflammation that will be induced, whether it is acute, chronic or allergic in origin. Maintenance of the microenvironment of cytokines and chemokines is critical for pulmonary homeostasis. Uncontrolled inflammation in the respiratory tract can be life threatening to the animal. The understanding of the mechanisms of inflammation, whether due to microbes or through inappropriate immune activation such as those occurring with allergies, is required to develop successful intervention strategies and control respiratory disease in animals.
炎症是家畜呼吸系统疾病的重要表现形式。呼吸系统本质上是黏膜性的，具有用于控制微生物和环境因素侵袭的特定防御机制。炎症对宿主可能有益，也可能有害。本文广泛讨论了家畜呼吸道内炎症的主要介质和机制。阐述了细胞、趋化因子、细胞因子和介质在急性和慢性炎症中的作用。初始损伤的发病机制决定了所诱发炎症的类型，无论是急性、慢性还是过敏性炎症。细胞因子和趋化因子微环境的维持对于肺部稳态至关重要。呼吸道内不受控制的炎症可能对动物生命构成威胁。为了制定成功的干预策略并控制动物的呼吸道疾病，需要了解炎症机制，无论是由微生物引起的，还是通过不适当的免疫激活（如过敏时发生的情况）引起的。
