McKee M D, Addison W N, Kaartinen M T
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Cells Tissues Organs. 2005;181(3-4):176-88. doi: 10.1159/000091379.
Structural hierarchies are common in biologic systems and are particularly evident in biomineralized structures. In the craniofacial complex and skeleton of vertebrates, extracellular matrix and mineral of bone are structurally ordered at many dimensional scales from the macro level to the nano level. Indeed, the nanocomposite texture of bone, with nanocrystals of apatitic mineral embedded within a crosslinked matrix of fibrillar and nonfibrillar proteins, imparts to bone the very mechanical properties and toughness it needs to function in vital organ protection, musculoskeletal movement and mastication. This article focuses on how hierarchies of extracellular matrix protein organization influence bone cell behavior, tissue architecture and mineralization. Additional attention is given to recent work on the molecular determinants of mineral induction in bone, and how the mineralization process is subsequently regulated by inhibitory proteins.
结构层次在生物系统中很常见，在生物矿化结构中尤为明显。在脊椎动物的颅面复合体和骨骼中，骨的细胞外基质和矿物质在从宏观到纳米的许多维度尺度上都有结构上的有序排列。事实上，骨的纳米复合结构，即磷灰石矿物纳米晶体嵌入纤维状和非纤维状蛋白质的交联基质中，赋予了骨在重要器官保护、肌肉骨骼运动和咀嚼中发挥功能所需的机械性能和韧性。本文重点关注细胞外基质蛋白组织层次如何影响骨细胞行为、组织结构和矿化。此外，还关注了近期关于骨中矿物质诱导的分子决定因素的研究，以及矿化过程随后如何受到抑制蛋白的调节。
