Huh Jae-Won, Kim Tae-Hyung, Yi Joo-Mi, Park Eun-Sil, Kim Woo-Yeon, Sin Ho-Su, Kim Dae-Soo, Min Do-Sik, Kim Sang-Soo, Kim Chang-Bae, Hyun Byung-Hwa, Kang Soo-Kyung, Jung Jin-Sup, Lee Won-Ho, Takenaka Osamu, Kim Heui-Soo
Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
J Mol Evol. 2006 Jun;62(6):730-7. doi: 10.1007/s00239-005-0109-0. Epub 2006 Apr 11.
HERV-M (human endogenous retrovirus M), related to the super family of HERV-K, has a methionine (M) tRNA primer-binding site, and is located within the periphilin gene on human chromosome 12q12. HERV-M has been integrated into the periphilin gene as the truncated form, 5'LTR-gag-pol-3'LTR. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approaches were conducted to investigate its evolutionary origins. Interestingly, the insertion of retroelements in a common ancestor genome can make different transcript variants in different species. In the case of the periphilin gene, human (10 variants) and mouse (2 variants) lineages show different transcript variants. Insertion of HERV-M (variant 1-3) could affect the protein-coding region. Also, Alusq/x (variant 4-9) and L1ME4a (mammalian-wide subfamilies of LINE-1) (variant 10) in humans and SINE (short interspersed repetitive element) and RLTR15 (the mouse putative long terminal repeat) (variant 2) in mice could be driving forces in transcript diversification of the periphilin gene during mammalian evolution. The HERV-M derived transcripts (variant 1-3) were expressed in different human tissues, whereas they were not detected in crab-eating monkey and squirrel monkey tissues by RT-PCR amplification. Taken together, HERV-M seems to have been integrated into our common ancestor genome after the divergence of simians and prosimians, and then was actively expressed during hominoid evolution.
与HERV-K超家族相关的人类内源性逆转录病毒M（HERV-M）具有一个甲硫氨酸（M）tRNA引物结合位点，位于人类12号染色体q12区的外周蛋白基因内。HERV-M已以截短形式5'LTR- gag - pol - 3'LTR整合到外周蛋白基因中。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）和逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法来研究其进化起源。有趣的是，逆转元件在共同祖先基因组中的插入可在不同物种中产生不同的转录变体。在外周蛋白基因的情况中，人类（10种变体）和小鼠（2种变体）谱系显示出不同的转录变体。HERV-M（变体1 - 3）的插入可能会影响蛋白质编码区。此外，人类中的Alusq/x（变体4 - 9）和L1ME4a（LINE-1的全哺乳动物亚家族）（变体10）以及小鼠中的短散在重复元件（SINE）和RLTR15（小鼠假定的长末端重复序列）（变体2）可能是哺乳动物进化过程中外周蛋白基因转录多样化的驱动力。源自HERV-M的转录本（变体1 - 3）在不同的人类组织中表达，而通过RT-PCR扩增在食蟹猴和松鼠猴组织中未检测到它们。综上所述，HERV-M似乎在猿猴和原猴亚目动物分化之后整合到了我们的共同祖先基因组中，然后在类人猿进化过程中被活跃表达。
