Berger N J A, Rittweger J, Kwiet A, Michaelis I, Williams A G, Tolfrey K, Jones A M
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager, United Kingdom.
Int J Sports Med. 2006 Dec;27(12):1005-12. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-923860. Epub 2006 Apr 11.
The purpose of this study was to characterise the VO2 kinetic response to moderate intensity cycle exercise in endurance-trained (END) and sprint or power-trained (SPR) track and field master athletes ranging in age from 45 to 85 years. We hypothesised that the time constant (tau) describing the Phase II VO2 on-response would be smaller in the END compared to the SPR athletes, and that the tau would become greater with increasing age in both groups. Eighty-four master athletes who were competing at either the British or European Veteran Athletics Championships acted as subjects, and were classified as either END (800 m - marathon; n = 41), or SPR (100 - 400 m and field events; n = 43) specialists. Subjects completed two 6 minute "step" transitions to a work rate of moderate intensity on a cycle ergometer and pulmonary gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath. Analysis of variance revealed that SPR athletes had slower VO2 on-kinetics (i.e., greater tau) compared to END athletes at each of the age groups studied: 46 - 55 yrs (END: 25 +/- 6 vs. SPR: 36 +/- 9 s; p < 0.10), 56 - 65 yrs (END: 25 +/- 5 vs. SPR: 35 +/- 10 s; p < 0.05), 66 - 75 yrs (END: 29 +/- 10 vs. SPR: 40 +/- 13 s; p < 0.05), and 76 - 85 yrs (END: 31 +/- 10 vs. SPR: 51 +/- 18 s; p < 0.05). The VO2 on-kinetics became slower with advancing age in the SPR athletes (p < 0.05 between 56 - 65 and 76 - 85 yrs) but were not significantly changed in the END athletes. The slower VO2 on-kinetics in SPR compared to END master athletes is consistent both with differences in physiology (e.g., muscle fibre type, oxidative/glycolytic capacity) and training between these specialist athletes. Master END athletes have similar tau values to their younger counterparts (approximately 25 s) suggesting that participation in endurance exercise training limits the slowing of VO2 on-kinetics with age in this population.
本研究旨在描述年龄在45至85岁之间的耐力训练（END）和短跑或力量训练（SPR）的田径大师级运动员对中等强度自行车运动的VO₂动力学反应。我们假设，描述第二阶段VO₂起始反应的时间常数（tau）在END运动员中比SPR运动员更小，并且在两组中tau都会随着年龄增长而变大。84名参加英国或欧洲老将田径锦标赛的大师级运动员作为研究对象，被分为END（800米 - 马拉松；n = 41）或SPR（100 - 400米及田赛项目；n = 43）专项运动员。研究对象在自行车测力计上完成两次6分钟的“阶梯”过渡至中等强度工作率，并逐 breath-by-breath 测量肺气体交换。方差分析显示，在每个研究年龄组中，SPR运动员的VO₂起始动力学都比END运动员慢（即tau更大）：46 - 55岁（END：25 +/- 6 vs. SPR：36 +/- 9秒；p < 0.10），56 - 65岁（END：25 +/- 5 vs. SPR：35 +/- 10秒；p < 0.05），66 - 75岁（END：29 +/- 10 vs. SPR：40 +/- 13秒；p < 0.05），以及76 - 85岁（END：31 +/- 10 vs. SPR：51 +/- 18秒；p < 0.05）。SPR运动员的VO₂起始动力学随年龄增长而变慢（56 - 65岁和76 - 85岁之间p < 0.05），但END运动员无显著变化。与END大师级运动员相比，SPR大师级运动员较慢的VO₂起始动力学与这些专项运动员之间的生理差异（如肌纤维类型、氧化/糖酵解能力）和训练情况一致。END大师级运动员的tau值与其年轻同行相似（约25秒），这表明参与耐力运动训练限制了该人群中VO₂起始动力学随年龄的减慢。
