Mehta Rakesh P, Johnson Matthew S
Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006 Apr;17(4):597-612. doi: 10.1097/01.RVI.0000209226.54671.42.
For many years, available anticoagulant medications were limited to vitamin K antagonists, unfractionated heparin, and aspirin. However, in the past 20 years, several new agents have been developed for the treatment of thrombosis, and even more are being developed. This increasing number of medications has led to more specific treatment algorithms for the care of venous and arterial thrombotic events. As more agents become available, treatment guidelines are rapidly changing. With increasing frequency, interventional radiologists encounter patients already taking anticoagulant medications prophylactically or therapeutically, or they need to determine which anticoagulant medications need to be initiated for a particular procedure. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to understand the mechanisms, risks, and benefits of anticoagulant medications. A review of the traditional anticoagulants, their new counterparts, and their places in the medication repertoire of interventional radiology will be discussed herein.
多年来，可用的抗凝药物仅限于维生素K拮抗剂、普通肝素和阿司匹林。然而，在过去20年里，已经开发出几种用于治疗血栓形成的新药物，而且还有更多药物正在研发中。药物数量的增加导致了针对静脉和动脉血栓事件护理的更具体治疗方案。随着越来越多的药物可供使用，治疗指南正在迅速变化。介入放射科医生越来越频繁地遇到已经在预防性或治疗性使用抗凝药物的患者，或者他们需要确定针对特定手术需要开始使用哪种抗凝药物。因此，了解抗凝药物的作用机制、风险和益处变得越来越重要。本文将讨论传统抗凝药物、它们的新型同类药物以及它们在介入放射学药物库中的地位。
