Mizoue Tetsuya, Yamaji Taiki, Tabata Shinji, Yamaguchi Keizo, Ogawa Shinsaku, Mineshita Masamichi, Kono Suminori
Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1352-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.5.1352.
The Western dietary pattern appears to confer diabetes risk, but the role of dietary patterns in Asian populations remains unclear. We investigated the association between major dietary patterns and the glucose tolerance status of Japanese men. Abnormalities included impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes. Subjects were 2106 Japanese men who were administered a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at their preretirement health check-ups. Information about diet was obtained using a 74-item FFQ before the test. Three dietary patterns were generated by factor analysis: 1) a high-dairy, high-fruit and -vegetable, high-starch, low-alcohol pattern; 2) an animal food pattern; and 3) a Japanese pattern. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) with adjustment for potential confounding variables. A significant inverse association was found for the high-dairy, high-fruit and -vegetable, high-starch, low-alcohol pattern (P for trend < 0.0001); the OR of having a glucose tolerance abnormality (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes) for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.62-1.04), 0.71 (95% CI = 0.54-0.92), and 0.51 (95% CI = 0.38-0.67), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. The inverse association was consistent for each glucose tolerance abnormality as well as across subgroups stratified by risk factors for diabetes. The Japanese dietary pattern was positively associated with impaired glucose tolerance (P for trend = 0.048). A dietary pattern characterized by frequent consumption of dairy products and fruits and vegetables but low alcohol intake may be associated with a decreased risk of developing a glucose tolerance abnormality.
西方饮食模式似乎会增加患糖尿病的风险，但饮食模式在亚洲人群中的作用仍不明确。我们调查了主要饮食模式与日本男性葡萄糖耐量状态之间的关联。异常情况包括空腹血糖受损、葡萄糖耐量受损和2型糖尿病。研究对象为2106名日本男性，他们在退休前的健康检查中接受了75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验。在试验前，通过一份包含74个条目的食物频率问卷获取饮食信息。通过因子分析得出三种饮食模式：1）高乳制品、高水果和蔬菜、高淀粉、低酒精模式；2）动物性食物模式；3）日本传统饮食模式。我们使用逻辑回归分析来估计比值比（OR），并对潜在的混杂变量进行了调整。发现高乳制品、高水果和蔬菜、高淀粉、低酒精模式存在显著的负相关（趋势P<0.0001）；与最低四分位数相比，第二、第三和第四四分位数出现葡萄糖耐量异常（空腹血糖受损、葡萄糖耐量受损或2型糖尿病）的OR分别为0.80（95%CI=0.62-1.04）、0.71（95%CI=0.54-0.92）和0.51（95%CI=0.38-0.67）。这种负相关在每种葡萄糖耐量异常情况以及按糖尿病风险因素分层的亚组中均一致。日本传统饮食模式与葡萄糖耐量受损呈正相关（趋势P=0.048）。一种以频繁食用乳制品、水果和蔬菜但酒精摄入量低为特征的饮食模式可能与葡萄糖耐量异常风险降低有关。
