Odemiş Berkant, Bozkurt Sefer, Ağca Necat, Yalçin Mehmet
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2006 Apr;115(1-3):361-79. doi: 10.1007/s10661-006-7085-8. Epub 2006 Apr 13.
Spatial and seasonal differences in water quality of drainage water and unconfined shallow groundwater were related to irrigation in Samandağ, a Mediterranean coastal region. Eighteen wells, seven drainage points and Orontes River were monitored bimonthly for one year for analyses of electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), cations (Na, K, Ca + Mg) and anions (CO(3), HCO(3), Cl and SO(4)). Agricultural irrigation using saline groundwater decreased water quality of Orontes River during the irrigation season (May to September) more than during the non-irrigation season (October to April). Seasonal fluctuations in water quality of shallow groundwater were greater during the irrigation season than the non-irrigation season in the study area. Excessive use of groundwater resulted in a decline in the water table levels in the irrigation season. Water table level rose up to the soil surface in areas where there was a lack of drainage or poor drainage, due to the impact of precipitation in the winter. SAR and pH values of drainage water increased in the irrigation season, while the other properties of drainage water decreased. Irrigation water quality of Orontes River was classified as C(3)S(1) in both seasons. Irrigation water quality of shallow groundwater and drainage water varied from C(2)S(1) to C(4)S(2) in one year. Drainage and well waters were found to be different on yearly basis in terms of Na, SAR (p<0.01) and Ca + Mg concentrations (p<0.001). Ca + Mg concentrations for both sources were different for all sampling dates (p<0.001).
地中海沿岸地区的萨曼达ğ，排水和无压浅层地下水的水质在空间和季节上的差异与灌溉有关。对18口井、7个排水点和奥龙特斯河进行了为期一年的双月监测，分析电导率（EC）、总溶解固体（TDS）、钠吸附比（SAR）、阳离子（Na、K、Ca + Mg）和阴离子（CO(3)、HCO(3)、Cl和SO(4)）。在灌溉季节（5月至9月），使用咸水地下水进行农业灌溉对奥龙特斯河水质的影响大于非灌溉季节（10月至4月）。研究区域内，灌溉季节浅层地下水水质的季节性波动大于非灌溉季节。过度使用地下水导致灌溉季节地下水位下降。由于冬季降水的影响，在排水不畅或排水不良的地区，地下水位上升到土壤表面。灌溉季节排水的SAR和pH值升高，而排水的其他性质下降。奥龙特斯河的灌溉水质在两个季节均被归类为C(3)S(1)。浅层地下水和排水的灌溉水质在一年内从C(2)S(1)变化到C(4)S(2)。就Na、SAR（p<0.01）和Ca + Mg浓度（p<0.001）而言，排水和井水在年度基础上存在差异。两种水源的Ca + Mg浓度在所有采样日期均不同（p<0.001）。
