Waldhausen John H T
Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 2006 May;15(2):64-9. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2006.02.002.
Branchial anomalies are important lesions to consider in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses in children. These anomalies are composed of a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations that arise from incomplete obliteration of pharyngeal clefts and pouches during embryogenesis. Although present at birth, many abnormalities do not become evident until later in infancy or childhood. It is common for branchial anomalies to become infected, causing significant morbidity. Surgical removal may be difficult, and inadequate resection of the lesion is likely to cause recurrence. Understanding the embryology and anatomy of these lesions is essential to the provision of adequate therapy.
鳃裂畸形是儿童头颈部肿块鉴别诊断中需要考虑的重要病变。这些畸形由一组异质性的先天性畸形组成，它们源于胚胎发育过程中咽裂和咽囊未完全闭锁。虽然在出生时就存在，但许多异常直到婴儿期或儿童期后期才会显现出来。鳃裂畸形很容易感染，导致严重的发病情况。手术切除可能很困难，病变切除不充分很可能导致复发。了解这些病变的胚胎学和解剖学对于提供充分的治疗至关重要。
