Mondal P, Majumder C B, Mohanty B
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttranchal, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2006 Sep 1;137(1):464-79. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.023. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
Arsenic contamination in water has posed severe health problems around the world. In spite of the availability of some conventional techniques for arsenic removal from contaminated water, development of new laboratory based techniques along with enhancement and cost reduction of conventional techniques are essential for the benefit of common people. This paper provides an overview of the arsenic issue in water such as modes of contamination of ground water as well as surface water by arsenic, its metabolism and health impacts, factors influencing arsenic poisoning, fundamentals of arsenic poisoning mechanism and world scenario of arsenic poisoning. It discusses and compares the conventional laboratory based techniques, like precipitation with alum, iron, Fe/Mn, lime softening, reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, ion exchanges, adsorption on activated alumina/carbon, etc., for arsenic removal from contaminated water. It also discusses the best available techniques and mentions the cost comparison among these techniques too. Recent developments in the research on the laboratory based arsenic removal techniques, like improvement of conventional techniques and advances in removal technology along with its scopes and limitations have also been reviewed.
水中的砷污染已在全球范围内引发了严重的健康问题。尽管有一些从受污染水中去除砷的传统技术，但开发新的实验室技术以及改进传统技术并降低成本，对于普通民众来说至关重要。本文概述了水中的砷问题，如地下水和地表水被砷污染的方式、砷的代谢及其对健康的影响、影响砷中毒的因素、砷中毒机制的基本原理以及全球砷中毒的情况。它讨论并比较了基于实验室的传统技术，如用明矾、铁、铁/锰沉淀、石灰软化、反渗透、电渗析、离子交换、在活性氧化铝/碳上吸附等，用于从受污染水中去除砷。它还讨论了最佳可用技术，并提及了这些技术之间的成本比较。基于实验室的砷去除技术研究的最新进展，如传统技术的改进、去除技术的进步及其范围和局限性也进行了综述。
