Umemiya Noriko
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
J Physiol Anthropol. 2006 Jan;25(1):29-39. doi: 10.2114/jpa2.25.29.
Seasonal variations of human thermal characteristics were inspected in thermal comfort and when constantly indoors. Metabolic rate, tympanic temperature, skin temperature, body fat, body weight and thermal sensation were measured under identical thermal conditions in a chamber over the course of one year. Experiments were carried out for each subject in both summer and winter. Six subjects were measured 35 times in summer and 45 times in winter. one subject was measured weekly for 14 months. Measurements for analyses were taken 40-60 min after entrance into the chamber. Results revealed the following. 1) For all subjects, the metabolic rate, tympanic temperature and body fat were lower in summer than in winter; thigh skin temperatures were higher in summer than in winter. The averaged individual ratio of seasonal difference was 11.9% for metabolic rate, 14.9% for body fat, 1.8% for thigh temperature and 0.53% for tympanic temperature. Seasonal differences of about 10% in metabolic rate were maintained in this study. 2) Seasonal variations of the variables were examined for phase relationships against the outdoor temperature. 2-1) Metabolic rate, thermal sensation, body weight and body fat changed in reverse phase, whereas skin temperature was in-phase. 2-2) Skin temperature lagged by about one month in both summer and winter. Body fat also lagged by about one month in summer, but corresponded to the phase in winter. Metabolic rates were also in-phase in winter but led about three months in summer. Thermal sensations lagged by about three months in winter but were in-phase in summer. Body weight was in-phase in summer and winter. 2-3) Summer disorders were observed particularly in seasonal variations of metabolic rates, tympanic temperature, skin temperatures, and thermal sensation, thereby suggesting that the effect of temperature exposure was altered by air-conditioner use.
在热舒适环境以及长期处于室内的情况下，对人体热特性的季节性变化进行了研究。在一年的时间里，在相同的热条件下，于气候舱内对代谢率、鼓膜温度、皮肤温度、体脂、体重和热感觉进行了测量。在夏季和冬季分别对每位受试者进行了实验。6名受试者在夏季测量了35次，在冬季测量了45次。一名受试者在14个月内每周进行测量。进入气候舱40 - 60分钟后进行用于分析的测量。结果如下：1) 对于所有受试者，夏季的代谢率、鼓膜温度和体脂均低于冬季；夏季大腿皮肤温度高于冬季。代谢率的季节性差异平均个体比率为11.9%，体脂为14.9%，大腿温度为1.8%，鼓膜温度为0.53%。本研究中代谢率的季节性差异维持在约10%。2) 研究了这些变量的季节性变化与室外温度的相位关系。2 - 1) 代谢率、热感觉、体重和体脂呈反相位变化，而皮肤温度呈同相位变化。2 - 2) 夏季和冬季皮肤温度均滞后约一个月。夏季体脂也滞后约一个月，但冬季与相位相对应。冬季代谢率也呈同相位，但夏季超前约三个月。热感觉冬季滞后约三个月，但夏季呈同相位。夏季和冬季体重均呈同相位。2 - 3) 夏季紊乱尤其出现在代谢率、鼓膜温度、皮肤温度和热感觉的季节性变化中，这表明使用空调改变了温度暴露的影响。
