Salameh J R
Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA.
Am J Med Sci. 2006 Apr;331(4):194-200. doi: 10.1097/00000441-200604000-00005.
Bariatric operations are either restrictive, limiting the amount of food ingested; malabsorptive, limiting the amount of nutrient absorbed; or a combination of both. Bariatric surgery dates back to the 1950s when jejunoileal bypass was introduced. Since then, numerous improvements have been made in procedures and techniques. Currently, the two most common bariatric procedures performed are laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Both of these operations provide excellent results, with the majority of patients losing more than 50% of their excess weight and with most obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension reversed or prevented. Morbidly obese patients considering such operations have to meet strict criteria and must be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. They need to commit to long-term dietary changes, behavioral modifications, and medical supervision. The choice of procedure is guided by multiple factors, including the patient's and the surgeon's preference.
减肥手术要么是限制性的，限制摄入的食物量；要么是吸收不良性的，限制吸收的营养量；或者是两者的结合。减肥手术可追溯到20世纪50年代，当时引入了空肠回肠分流术。从那时起，手术程序和技术有了许多改进。目前，最常见的两种减肥手术是腹腔镜可调节胃束带术和腹腔镜Roux-en-Y胃旁路术。这两种手术都能产生极佳的效果，大多数患者减掉了超过50%的超重体重，并且大多数与肥胖相关的合并症，如糖尿病和高血压，都得到了逆转或预防。考虑接受此类手术的病态肥胖患者必须符合严格的标准，并且必须由多学科团队进行评估。他们需要致力于长期的饮食改变、行为调整和医学监督。手术方式的选择由多种因素决定，包括患者和外科医生的偏好。
