Zieliński Kazimierz
Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2006;66(1):75-90. doi: 10.55782/ane-2006-1589.
Jerzy Konorski (1903-1973) exerted a vital influence on the development of physiological psychology and neurobiology. Konorski and his friend and collaborator, Stefan Miller, distinguished instrumental conditioned reflexes as a separate type of acquired behavior, different from classical (Pavlovian) conditioned reflexes. In a series of pioneering studies Konorski demonstrated basic differences between the two types of conditioned reflexes. After the Second World War, he reinterpreted the results of research on conditioned reflexes on the basis of the mechanisms of Sherringtonian neurophysiology and introduced the term plasticity of the nervous system. His work, "Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization", published in 1948, signaled Konorski's place as one of the founders of contemporary neuroscience. He contributed significantly to the understanding of complex interactions of various classes of behaviors: innate and acquired, those driven by opposite motivations, and those elicited by cues signaling different contingencies. In his book "Integrative activity of the brain" (1967), Konorski analyzed the brain as a complex system directing the functioning of the organism as a whole.
耶日·科诺尔斯基（1903 - 1973）对生理心理学和神经生物学的发展产生了至关重要的影响。科诺尔斯基和他的朋友兼合作者斯特凡·米勒，将操作性条件反射作为一种与经典（巴甫洛夫式）条件反射不同的单独类型的习得行为区分开来。在一系列开创性研究中，科诺尔斯基证明了这两种类型的条件反射之间的基本差异。第二次世界大战后，他根据谢灵顿神经生理学机制重新解释了条件反射的研究结果，并引入了神经系统可塑性这一术语。他于1948年出版的著作《条件反射与神经元组织》标志着科诺尔斯基作为当代神经科学的奠基人之一的地位。他为理解各类行为的复杂相互作用做出了重大贡献：先天的和后天习得的行为、由相反动机驱动的行为，以及由预示不同意外情况的线索引发的行为。在他1967年出版的《大脑的整合活动》一书中，科诺尔斯基将大脑分析为一个指导整个生物体功能的复杂系统。
