Kitz Richard, Rose Markus A, Schönborn Heidrun, Zielen Stefan, Böhles Hans J
Department of Allergology and Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006 Mar;17(2):112-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00369.x.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are components of cell membranes and may play an immunomodulating role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). The goal was to determine the impact of PUFAs on AD by dietary supplementation of infants. Based on the parents' decision on their babies' primary feeding, mothers and newborns were randomized to the supplementation with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) or placebo for up to 6 months. Breastfed infants received GLA by supplementing their mothers. Formula diet was commercial whey hydrolysate unsupplemented with PUFAs. Of 131 eligible infants, 24 developed AD within the first year of life. Of these, nine belonged to the exclusively breastfed group (n = 58), 14 to the combined-fed group (n = 53), and one to the never breastfed group (n = 20). We could not find an influence of GLA on the development of AD. In subjects with AD, at 1 yr of age the serum-immunoglobulin E (IgE) was the lowest in the GLA-supplemented group A-subjects. In the GLA-supplemented group, GLA-levels in breast milk were similar in atopic and non-atopic infants. In the non-supplemented group the GLA-content of breast milk was 0.07% of total fatty acids in atopic infants vs. 0.17% in non-atopic infants (p < 0.01). Dietary GLA-supplementation could not prevent AD. Interestingly, the number of infants developing AD was the lowest in never breastfed children. In infants suffering from AD, GLA-supplementation seemed to reduce total IgE in the first year of life.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）是细胞膜的组成成分，可能在特应性皮炎（AD）的发病机制中发挥免疫调节作用。本研究的目的是通过对婴儿进行饮食补充来确定PUFAs对AD的影响。根据父母对其婴儿主要喂养方式的决定，将母亲和新生儿随机分为补充γ-亚麻酸（GLA）组或安慰剂组，为期6个月。母乳喂养的婴儿通过补充其母亲来摄入GLA。配方饮食为未添加PUFAs的商业乳清水解物。在131名符合条件的婴儿中，有24名在生命的第一年内患上了AD。其中，9名属于纯母乳喂养组（n = 58），14名属于混合喂养组（n = 53），1名属于从未母乳喂养组（n = 20）。我们未发现GLA对AD发病有影响。在患有AD的受试者中，1岁时补充GLA的A组受试者血清免疫球蛋白E（IgE）最低。在补充GLA的组中，特应性和非特应性婴儿母乳中的GLA水平相似。在未补充组中，特应性婴儿母乳中GLA含量占总脂肪酸的0.07%，而非特应性婴儿为0.17%（p < 0.01）。饮食补充GLA不能预防AD。有趣的是，从未母乳喂养的儿童中患AD的婴儿数量最少。在患有AD的婴儿中，补充GLA似乎在生命的第一年降低了总IgE。
