Achee Nicole L, Grieco John P, Masuoka Penny, Andre Richard G, Roberts Donald R, Thomas James, Briceno Ireneo, King Russell, Rejmankova Eliska
Department of Defense or the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2006 Mar;43(2):382-92. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0382:uorsag]2.0.co;2.
Previous studies have identified several anopheline species integral to the transmission of malaria in Belize. The highly efficient vector, Anopheles darlingi Root, is currently considered the most important. The preferred larval habitat of An. darlingi has been described as floating detritus patches, which are commonly associated with overhanging spiny bamboo, Guadua longifolia (E. Fourn.), along river margins. The objectives of this study were to use remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) tools to 1) define the landscape features (i.e., river curvature, land cover, and house locations) associated with An. darlingi-positive breeding habitats and 2) determine the association between cleared land cover and the growth of spiny bamboo. A systematic survey was conducted in which all detritus patches of at least 1 m2 were sampled, mapped using GPS, and characterized by cause of habitat lodging. Bamboo stretches growing along the river margins also were mapped. Spatial analyses of satellite imagery found no associations between river characteristics or land cover with positive An. darlingi habitats. In addition, there was no significant difference in cleared versus forested land cover in relation to the presence or absence of bamboo. Results indicate that the average distance from homes to negative habitats was significantly greater than from positive detritus mats. Based on the land cover and river characteristics used, our results do not support the use of remote sensing as a predictive tool to locate specific areas within rivers positive for An. darlingi habitats.
以往的研究已经确定了伯利兹疟疾传播中不可或缺的几种按蚊种类。高效病媒达林按蚊（Anopheles darlingi Root）目前被认为是最重要的。达林按蚊偏好的幼虫栖息地被描述为漂浮的碎屑斑块，这些斑块通常与河边悬垂的多刺竹子——长瓜多枝竹（Guadua longifolia (E. Fourn.)）有关。本研究的目的是使用遥感和地理信息系统（GIS）工具来：1）确定与达林按蚊阳性繁殖栖息地相关的景观特征（即河流曲率、土地覆盖和房屋位置）；2）确定开垦土地覆盖与多刺竹子生长之间的关联。进行了一项系统调查，对所有面积至少为1平方米的碎屑斑块进行采样，使用全球定位系统（GPS）进行绘图，并根据栖息地倒伏原因进行特征描述。沿着河边生长的竹林也进行了绘图。对卫星图像的空间分析发现，河流特征或土地覆盖与达林按蚊阳性栖息地之间没有关联。此外，在有竹子和没有竹子的情况下，开垦土地覆盖与森林土地覆盖之间没有显著差异。结果表明，房屋到阴性栖息地平均距离显著大于到阳性碎屑垫的距离。基于所使用的土地覆盖和河流特征，我们的结果不支持将遥感作为一种预测工具来定位河流中达林按蚊栖息地阳性的特定区域。
