Programa do Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biociências, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil.
Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Aug 1;20(15):6497. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20156497.
Malaria is a prevalent disease in several tropical and subtropical regions, including Brazil, where it remains a significant public health concern. Even though there have been substantial efforts to decrease the number of cases, the reoccurrence of epidemics in regions that have been free of cases for many years presents a significant challenge. Due to the multifaceted factors that influence the spread of malaria, influencing malaria risk factors were analyzed through regional outbreak cluster analysis and spatio-temporal models in the Brazilian Amazon, incorporating climate, land use/cover interactions, species richness, and number of endemic birds and amphibians. Results showed that high amphibian and bird richness and endemism correlated with a reduction in malaria risk. The presence of forest had a risk-increasing effect, but it depended on its juxtaposition with anthropic land uses. Biodiversity and landscape composition, rather than forest formation presence alone, modulated malaria risk in the period. Areas with low endemic species diversity and high human activity, predominantly anthropogenic landscapes, posed high malaria risk. This study underscores the importance of considering the broader ecological context in malaria control efforts.
疟疾是包括巴西在内的几个热带和亚热带地区流行的疾病，尽管已经做出了巨大努力来减少病例数量，但多年来没有病例的地区再次爆发疫情仍然是一个重大挑战。由于影响疟疾传播的因素复杂多样，因此通过区域暴发聚类分析和时空模型来分析影响疟疾风险因素，这些模型结合了气候、土地利用/覆盖相互作用、物种丰富度以及地方性鸟类和两栖动物的数量。结果表明，高的两栖动物和鸟类丰富度和特有性与疟疾风险的降低有关。森林的存在具有增加风险的作用，但这取决于它与人为土地利用的毗邻关系。在这一时期，生物多样性和景观组成，而不是森林的存在，调节了疟疾的风险。那些地方性物种多样性低、人类活动强度高的地区，主要是人为景观，疟疾风险较高。这项研究强调了在疟疾控制工作中考虑更广泛的生态背景的重要性。
