Infante César, Zarco Angel, Cuadra Silvia Magali, Morrison Ken, Caballero Marta, Bronfman Mario, Magis Carlos
Thomas Coram Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.
Salud Publica Mex. 2006 Mar-Apr;48(2):141-50. doi: 10.1590/s0036-36342006000200007.
To analyze the social construction of stigma and discrimination processes associated with HIV/AIDS and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), based on the perceptions of health care providers in three states of the Mexican Republic.
Qualitative and quantitative description. Observation at nine institutions; in-depth interviews (14) and surveys (373) directed to providers of health services.
Seventy-five percent of providers reported having received training related to HIV/AIDS; however, notions persist as to patients being hopeless; discrimination due to the idea of risk groups; the immediate identification of living with the virus, having the syndrome and death; and specific lack of knowledge of forms of transmission. Twenty-three percent would not buy food from a PLHA and 16% think they should be banned from public services. With respect to confidentiality: 89% believe it should be maintained and 38% think that employers and administrators have the right to know about their employees' condition. Isolation, notes in clinical histories pointing to HIV, obligatory testing and delays in surgeries for PLHA were constant practices. The perception that men who have sexual relations with men and sexual workers decide their sexual practices marks the division between innocent victims and guilty ones, which determines the stigmatization and discrimination processes in health services.
The design of strategies to decrease stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS demands the inclusion of an ethical debate about human rights and a structural focus regarding social conditions that go beyond the notion of risk behaviors.
基于墨西哥共和国三个州医疗服务提供者的认知，分析与艾滋病毒/艾滋病以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者相关的耻辱和歧视过程的社会建构。
定性和定量描述。对九个机构进行观察；对卫生服务提供者进行深度访谈（14次）和调查（373次）。
75%的提供者报告接受过与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的培训；然而，关于患者无可救药的观念依然存在；因风险群体观念而产生的歧视；对感染病毒、患有该综合征和死亡的直接认定；以及对传播方式缺乏具体了解。23%的人不会从艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者那里购买食物，16%的人认为应该禁止他们享受公共服务。关于保密性：89%的人认为应该予以保密，38%的人认为雇主和管理人员有权了解其员工的状况。隔离、病历中注明感染艾滋病毒、强制检测以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者手术延误是常见做法。认为与男性发生性关系者和性工作者决定其性行为的观念，标志着无辜受害者与有罪者之间的区分，这决定了卫生服务中的耻辱化和歧视过程。
制定减少与艾滋病毒/艾滋病相关的耻辱和歧视的策略，需要纳入关于人权的伦理辩论以及对社会状况的结构性关注，而不仅仅局限于风险行为的概念。
