Boushab Boushab Mohamed, Fall-Malick Fatim-Zahra, Ould Cheikh Melaïnine Mohamed Limame, Basco Leonardo Kishi
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kiffa Regional Hospital, Assaba, Mauritania.
National Institute of Hepatitis and Virology, School of Medicine, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
Open AIDS J. 2017 Mar 31;11:12-17. doi: 10.2174/1874613601711010012. eCollection 2017.
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are often discriminated against in their daily lives. The objective of this descriptive and transversal study was to describe the experiences of PLWHA followed at a specialized outpatient center in Nouakchott to assess the forms of stigma from the perspective of those who suffer from discrimination.
All HIV-positive patients over the age of 18 years who were aware of their HIV status and provided consent to participate in the study were included from June 1 to 29, 2015. Data collection was conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire.
A total of 210 PLWHA were interviewed. Men accounted for 54% of the sample population with a sex ratio of 1.2. About half of respondents were married (51%) and resided in Nouakchott (55%). Subjects who had never attended school represented 42% of the cases. Among our respondents, 64% knew their HIV status for over a year and admitted that they refused to reveal this information to any person. The distribution of forms of stigma experienced by PLWHA by demographic category was, in descending order, stigma in interpersonal relationships (78%), self-stigma (20%), and stigma in health services (2%). There was a significant association between the form of stigma and marital status (p = 0.007) and between the form of stigma and knowledge of HIV status for a period greater than one year (p = 0.02).
The forms of stigma can be sources of discrimination and are a major obstacle to reintegration and support of PLWHA. This creates a vicious circle that, on the one hand, leads to the suffering, marginalization, and isolation of PLWHA, and on the other hand, has deleterious effects on their family and social relationships, self-esteem and self-confidence.
感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病的人（PLWHA）在日常生活中常常受到歧视。这项描述性横断面研究的目的是描述在努瓦克肖特一家专门门诊中心接受随访的PLWHA的经历，以便从遭受歧视者的角度评估耻辱的形式。
纳入2015年6月1日至29日所有年龄在18岁以上、知晓自己艾滋病毒感染状况并同意参与研究的艾滋病毒阳性患者。使用经过预测试的问卷进行数据收集。
共采访了210名PLWHA。男性占样本人口的54%，性别比为1.2。约一半的受访者已婚（51%），居住在努瓦克肖特（55%）。从未上学的受试者占病例的42%。在我们的受访者中，64%知道自己感染艾滋病毒的状况已超过一年，并承认他们拒绝向任何人透露此信息。按人口类别划分，PLWHA所经历的耻辱形式分布情况由高到低依次为：人际关系中的耻辱（78%）、自我耻辱（20%）和卫生服务中的耻辱（2%）。耻辱形式与婚姻状况之间存在显著关联（p = 0.007），耻辱形式与感染艾滋病毒状况超过一年的知晓情况之间也存在显著关联（p = 0.02）。
耻辱形式可能成为歧视的根源，是PLWHA重新融入社会和获得支持的主要障碍。这造成了一个恶性循环，一方面导致PLWHA遭受痛苦、边缘化和孤立，另一方面对他们的家庭和社会关系、自尊和自信产生有害影响。
