Considine Julie, Botti Mari, Thomas Shane
School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Deakin University.
Collegian. 2005 Jan;12(1):19-24. doi: 10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60478-3.
Multiple choice questions are used extensively in nursing research and education and play a fundamental role in the design of research studies or educational programs. Despite their widespread use, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines relating to design and use of multiple choice questions. Little is written about their format, structure, validity and reliability of in the context of nursing research and/or education and most of the current literature in this area is based on opinion or consensus. Systematic multiple choice question design and use of valid and reliable multiple choice questions are vital if the results of research or educational testing are to be considered valid. Content and face validity should be established by expert panel review and construct validity should be established using 'key check', item discrimination and item difficulty analyses. Reliability measures include internal consistency and equivalence. Internal consistency should be established by determination of internal consistency using reliability coefficients while equivalence should be established using alternate form correlation. This paper reviews literature related to the use of multiple choice questions, current design recommendations and processes to establish reliability and validity, and discusses implications for their use in nursing research and education.
多项选择题在护理研究和教育中被广泛使用，并且在研究或教育项目的设计中发挥着基础性作用。尽管它们被广泛应用，但缺乏关于多项选择题设计和使用的循证指南。在护理研究和/或教育背景下，关于其格式、结构、效度和信度的论述很少，该领域目前的大多数文献都基于观点或共识。如果研究或教育测试的结果要被视为有效，系统的多项选择题设计以及使用有效且可靠的多项选择题至关重要。内容效度和表面效度应由专家小组审查确定，结构效度应通过“答案核对”、项目区分度和项目难度分析来确定。信度测量包括内部一致性和等同性。内部一致性应由使用信度系数确定内部一致性来建立，而等同性应通过交替形式相关性来建立。本文回顾了与多项选择题使用相关的文献、当前的设计建议以及建立信度和效度的过程，并讨论了它们在护理研究和教育中的应用意义。
