Pazzaglia Francesca, De Beni Rossana
Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, via Venezia 8, I 35100 Padua, Italy.
Perception. 2006;35(3):369-83. doi: 10.1068/p5465.
We investigated whether the alignment effect (Levine et al, 1982 Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 111 157-175) is influenced by mental rotation abilities. In two experiments, groups of undergraduate students with high and low performance in mental rotation tasks were required to study either schematic (experiment 1) or more complex (experiment 2) maps, and to perform a number of pointing tasks adopting a perspective which could be aligned, misaligned (45 degrees, 135 degrees), or counteraligned (180 degrees) with the perspective assumed during learning. Cognitive styles in spatial representation have also been considered. Results of experiment 1 show that people with low performance in mental rotation tasks prefer to adopt a representation of space focused more on landmarks. Their performance in the pointing tasks depends on the alignment conditions, with more errors in the counteraligned condition followed by the two misaligned and aligned ones. In contrast to this, high-ability mental rotators prefer survey and route spatial representations and are affected only by the aligned and non-aligned conditions. In the second experiment, practice was studied as a function of mental rotation and alignment. The group high in mental rotation ability was found to be free from the alignment effect in the pointing tasks performed after the final of four learning phases.
我们研究了对齐效应（莱文等人，1982年《实验心理学杂志：总论》第111卷，第157 - 175页）是否受心理旋转能力的影响。在两项实验中，要求心理旋转任务表现高和低的本科生群体分别学习示意性地图（实验1）或更复杂的地图（实验2），并采用与学习期间所假设视角对齐、错位（45度、135度）或反向对齐（180度）的视角执行一些指向任务。还考虑了空间表征中的认知风格。实验1的结果表明，心理旋转任务表现低的人更喜欢采用更关注地标的空间表征。他们在指向任务中的表现取决于对齐条件，在反向对齐条件下错误更多，其次是两个错位和对齐条件。与此相反，心理旋转能力高的人更喜欢俯瞰和路线空间表征，并且仅受对齐和不对齐条件的影响。在第二个实验中，研究了练习作为心理旋转和对齐的函数。发现在四个学习阶段中的最后一个阶段之后执行的指向任务中，心理旋转能力高的组不受对齐效应的影响。
