Wride Michael A, Geatrell Jenny, Guggenheim Jeremy A
School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2006 Mar;78(1):90-105. doi: 10.1002/bdrc.20063.
The eye is one of the classical systems in developmental biology. Furthermore, diseases of the eye, many of which have a developmental basis, have devastating effects that often result in blindness. Proteases have diverse roles in ocular physiology and pathophysiology. Here, a broad overview is provided of the recent literature pertaining to the involvement of proteases in various aspects of eye development and disease: lens development (focusing on apoptosis and lens fiber cell denucleation and organelle loss) and cataract progression, cornea development and disease, retina development and degeneration, sclera development and myopia, and the trabecular meshwork and glaucoma. Proteases discussed include caspases, calpains, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and ADAM with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS), the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and secretases. It is clear that proteases have diverse and important roles in ocular development and disease, and represent, in many cases, useful therapeutic targets for treating ocular conditions, which would otherwise lead to visual impairment.
眼睛是发育生物学中的经典系统之一。此外，眼部疾病很多都有发育方面的基础，会产生毁灭性影响，常常导致失明。蛋白酶在眼部生理和病理生理中具有多种作用。在此，我们对近期有关蛋白酶参与眼睛发育和疾病各个方面的文献进行了广泛综述：晶状体发育（重点关注细胞凋亡、晶状体纤维细胞核去除和细胞器丢失）以及白内障进展、角膜发育和疾病、视网膜发育和退化、巩膜发育和近视，还有小梁网和青光眼。所讨论的蛋白酶包括半胱天冬酶、钙蛋白酶、基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）、解整合素和金属蛋白酶（ADAMs）以及含血小板反应蛋白基序的ADAM（ADAMTS）、泛素 - 蛋白酶体途径（UPP）、组织纤溶酶原激活物（tPA）和分泌酶。很明显，蛋白酶在眼部发育和疾病中具有多样且重要的作用，并且在许多情况下代表着治疗眼部疾病的有用治疗靶点，否则这些疾病会导致视力损害。
