Wani S A, Samanta I
Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India.
Vet J. 2006 May;171(3):421-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.02.017.
Footrot is a highly contagious disease of the feet of ruminants caused by the synergistic action of certain bacterial species of which Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) is the main transmitting agent. The infection is specific to sheep and goats, although it has also been reported in cattle, horses, pigs, deer and mouflon. The antigenic diversity of D. nodosus is due to variations in the DNA sequence of its fimbrial subunit gene (fimA) and provides the basis for classification of the organism into at least 10 major serogroups (A-I and M), the distribution of which varies with different geographical locations. Host immune response to vaccination is serogroup specific. There are three different clinical forms of disease caused by virulent, intermediate and benign strains of D. nodosus, respectively. In order to facilitate rapid and reliable clinical diagnosis, virulence determination, strain differentiation and serogroup identification for effective control measures, immunological tests, DNA probes and PCR based techniques have been introduced. This review summarises the current understanding of the mechanisms of antigenic diversity of D. nodosus as well as advances made in its strain differentiation and diagnosis.
腐蹄病是反刍动物足部的一种高度传染性疾病，由某些细菌物种的协同作用引起，其中结节拟杆菌（D. nodosus）是主要传播媒介。这种感染对绵羊和山羊具有特异性，不过在牛、马、猪、鹿和摩弗伦羊中也有报道。结节拟杆菌的抗原多样性归因于其菌毛亚基基因（fimA）DNA序列的变异，并为将该生物体分为至少10个主要血清群（A - I和M）提供了依据，其分布因地理位置不同而有所差异。宿主对疫苗接种的免疫反应具有血清群特异性。由结节拟杆菌的强毒株、中间毒株和弱毒株分别引起三种不同的临床疾病形式。为了便于快速可靠地进行临床诊断、毒力测定、菌株鉴别和血清群鉴定以采取有效的控制措施，已引入了免疫检测、DNA探针和基于PCR的技术。本综述总结了目前对结节拟杆菌抗原多样性机制的理解以及在其菌株鉴别和诊断方面取得的进展。
