Fagerlund Birgitte, Pagsberg A Katrine, Hemmingsen Ralf P
Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Adult Psychiatric Department E, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Schizophr Res. 2006 Jul;85(1-3):30-9. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2006.03.004. Epub 2006 Apr 19.
Cognitive deficits have been found to be prevalent in early onset schizophrenia. Whether these deficits also characterise other early onset psychotic disorders to a similar degree is unclear, as very few comparative studies have been done. The primary purpose of this study was to compare the profile and severity of cognitive impairments in first-episode early onset psychotic patients who received the schizophrenia diagnosis to those diagnosed with other non-organic, non-affective psychotic disorders. The secondary purpose was to examine whether the profile of cognitive deficits, in terms of intelligence, executive functions, memory, attention and processing speed was global or specific. First-episode psychotic adolescents (N = 39) between the ages 11 and 17 years were included, 18 of whom were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and 21 with other non-organic, non-affective psychoses, using ICD-10 criteria. A healthy control group (N = 40) was included, matched on gender and age. Cognitive functions were assessed using WISC-III/R, the CANTAB battery, WCST, Trail Making B, fluency tasks, and Buschke's selective reminding task. A similar profile and level of impairment was found on measures of attention, executive functions, reaction time, and memory in the schizophrenic and psychotic adolescent groups. However, analyses of WISC-III factor profiles suggested that early onset schizophrenia patients may have more global IQ deficits than non-organic, non-affective psychoses when examined recently after illness onset. Compared to the deficits of adult schizophrenia described in the literature, the results suggest relatively spared simple reaction times in early onset patients.
认知缺陷在早发性精神分裂症中很常见。目前尚不清楚这些缺陷是否在相似程度上也是其他早发性精神障碍的特征，因为相关的比较研究非常少。本研究的主要目的是比较首次发作的早发性精神病患者中，被诊断为精神分裂症的患者与被诊断为其他非器质性、非情感性精神障碍的患者在认知障碍的特征和严重程度。次要目的是研究在智力、执行功能、记忆、注意力和处理速度方面，认知缺陷的特征是全面性的还是特异性的。纳入了年龄在11至17岁之间的首次发作的精神病青少年（N = 39），其中18人被诊断为精神分裂症，21人被诊断为其他非器质性、非情感性精神病，诊断采用国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）标准。还纳入了一个健康对照组（N = 40），在性别和年龄上进行了匹配。使用韦氏儿童智力量表第三版/修订版（WISC - III/R）、剑桥神经心理测试自动化成套系统（CANTAB）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、连线测验B、流畅性任务和布施克选择性提醒任务对认知功能进行评估。在精神分裂症和精神病青少年组中，注意力、执行功能、反应时间和记忆测量方面发现了相似的特征和损伤水平。然而，韦氏儿童智力量表第三版因子分析表明，在疾病发作后不久进行检查时，早发性精神分裂症患者可能比非器质性、非情感性精神病患者有更全面的智商缺陷。与文献中描述的成人精神分裂症缺陷相比，结果表明早发性患者的简单反应时间相对保留。
