Hammond Duane R, Earnest G Scott, Hall Ronald M, Feng Amy
Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/NIH/DHHS, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2006 Jun;3(6):308-16. doi: 10.1080/15459620600691249.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) researchers evaluated two exhaust stack designs for reducing carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from gasoline-powered generator exhaust on houseboats. Tests were conducted (a) after dark, (b) in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, (c) during temperature inversions, (d) under various generator loads, and (e) at different houseboat trim angles. Two different designs of houseboat exhaust stacks were evaluated and compared with the side-exhaust configuration, which is standard on many houseboats. The two designs were flagpole and vertical stack. Both exhaust stacks performed dramatically better than the standard water level, side-exhaust configuration. The highest mean CO concentrations on the upper and lower decks of the houseboat with the vertical exhaust stack were 27 ppm and 17 ppm. The highest mean CO concentrations on the upper and lower decks of the houseboat with the modified flagpole stack were 5 ppm and 2 ppm. These findings are much lower than the 67 ppm and 341 ppm for the highest mean CO concentrations found on the upper and lower decks of houseboats having the usual side-exhausted configuration. The NIOSH evaluation also indicated that high-temperature and high-humidity levels, temperature inversions, generator loading, and houseboat trim angles had little effect on the exhaust stack performance. It also demonstrated the importance of proper design and installation of exhaust stacks to ensure that all exhaust gases are released through the stack. Based on the results of this work, NIOSH investigators continue to recommend that houseboat manufacturers, rental companies, and owners retrofit their gasoline-powered generators with exhaust stacks to reduce the hazard of CO poisoning and death to individuals on or near the houseboat.
美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）的研究人员评估了两种排气烟囱设计，以减少游艇上汽油发电机尾气中的一氧化碳（CO）暴露。测试在以下条件下进行：（a）天黑后；（b）高温高湿环境中；（c）温度逆增期间；（d）不同发电机负载下；（e）不同的游艇纵倾角度下。对两种不同设计的游艇排气烟囱进行了评估，并与许多游艇上标准的侧排气配置进行了比较。这两种设计分别是旗杆式和垂直式烟囱。两种排气烟囱的性能都比标准的水位侧排气配置有显著提升。配备垂直排气烟囱的游艇上甲板和下甲板的最高平均一氧化碳浓度分别为27 ppm和17 ppm。配备改良旗杆式烟囱的游艇上甲板和下甲板的最高平均一氧化碳浓度分别为5 ppm和2 ppm。这些结果远低于具有常见侧排气配置的游艇上甲板和下甲板所测得的最高平均一氧化碳浓度67 ppm和341 ppm。NIOSH的评估还表明，高温高湿水平、温度逆增、发电机负载和游艇纵倾角度对排气烟囱性能影响很小。这也证明了排气烟囱正确设计和安装的重要性，以确保所有废气都通过烟囱排放。基于这项工作的结果，NIOSH的研究人员继续建议游艇制造商、租赁公司和船主为他们的汽油发电机加装排气烟囱，以减少对游艇上或附近人员造成一氧化碳中毒和死亡的风险。
