Ng Nawi, Stenlund Hans, Bonita Ruth, Hakimi Mohammad, Wall Stig, Weinehall Lars
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia.
Bull World Health Organ. 2006 Apr;84(4):305-13. doi: 10.2471/blt.05.023721. Epub 2006 Apr 13.
To gain a better understanding of the health transition in Indonesia, we sought to describe the prevalence and distribution of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and to identify the risk-factor burden among a rural population and an urban population.
Using the protocol of the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS), risk factors for noncommunicable diseases were determined for 1502 men and 1461 women aged 15-74 years at the Purworejo Demographic Surveillance Site in 2001.
Smoking prevalence was high among men (913/1539; weighted percentage=53.9.%) in both rural and urban populations; it was almost non-existent among women. A higher proportion of the urban population and the richest quintile of the rural population had high blood pressure and were classified as being overweight or obese when compared with the poorest quintile of the rural population. Those classified as being in the richest quintile who lived in the rural area were 1.5 times more likely to have raised blood pressure and 8 times more likely to be overweight than those classified as being in the poorest quintile and living in the rural area. Clustering of risk factors was higher among those classified as being in the richest quintile of those living in the rural area compared with those classified as being in the poorest quintile; and the risks of clustering were just 20-30% lower compared with the urban population.
Both the rural and urban populations in Purworejo face an unequally distributed burden of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. The burden among the most well-off group in the rural area has already reached a level similar to that found in the urban area. The implementation of the WHO STEPS approach was feasible, and it provides a comprehensive picture of the burden of risk factors, allowing appropriate health interventions to be implemented to address health inequities.
为了更好地了解印度尼西亚的健康转型情况，我们试图描述非传染性疾病风险因素的患病率和分布情况，并确定农村人口和城市人口中的风险因素负担。
采用世界卫生组织逐步监测方法（STEPS）的方案，于2001年在Purworejo人口监测点对1502名15 - 74岁男性和1461名15 - 74岁女性的非传染性疾病风险因素进行了测定。
农村和城市男性中的吸烟患病率都很高（913/1539；加权百分比 = 53.9%）；女性中几乎不存在吸烟现象。与农村最贫困五分之一人口相比，城市人口以及农村最富裕五分之一人口中高血压患者比例更高，且被归类为超重或肥胖。农村地区最富裕五分之一人群中，血压升高的可能性是最贫困五分之一且居住在农村地区人群的1.5倍，超重的可能性是其8倍。与农村最贫困五分之一人群相比，农村最富裕五分之一人群中风险因素聚集情况更严重；与城市人口相比，风险因素聚集的风险仅低20 - 30%。
Purworejo的农村和城市人口都面临着非传染性疾病风险因素负担分布不均的问题。农村最富裕群体中的负担已经达到了与城市地区类似的水平。世卫组织STEPS方法的实施是可行的，它全面呈现了风险因素负担情况，有助于实施适当的健康干预措施以解决健康不平等问题。
