Bribosia E, Bylemans D, Huysmans S, Schweitzer P, Migon M, van Impe G
PCF-Royal Research Station of Gorsem, Sint-Truiden, Belgium.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2005;70(4):527-38.
Elder shrubs (Sambucus nigra L.) were planted in an experimental apple orchard as bordering hedgerow with the objective of rearing syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) and consequently enhancing the biological control of the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini). The inoculative introduction of the specific elder aphid Aphis sambuci L. (Homoptera: Aphididae) in late March 2002 and again in 2003 led to the complete hedgerow turning into an early and productive alternative prey reservoir for indigenous syrphids. The species Scaeva pyrastri (L.), S. selenetica (Meigen), Syrphus ribesii (L.), S. vitripennis Meigen, Epistrophe eligans (Harris), E. nitidicollis (Meigen), Platycheirus scutatus (Meigen), Eupeodes corollae (F.), Meligramma triangulifera (Zetterstedt) and Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer) developed on the elder hedgerow during the spring 2002 taking advantage of the aphid infestation. The season 2003 was characterised by a quite different species abundance pattern as, contrary to the previous year when both monovoltine and polyvoltine species were equally represented, the monovoltine syrphids (Epistrophe spp.) represented the dominant group exploiting the elder aphids. A parallel analysis showed that the faeces of the first adult syrphids observed ovipositing on the elder hedgerow in spring contained digested pollen of mainly apple. Our observations indicate the possibility of establishing a local population of monovoltine syrphids in apple orchards by managing an aphid-infested elder hedgerow, without any additional pollen or nectar producing plants.
在一个试验性苹果园中种植了接骨木灌木（黑接骨木）作为边界树篱，目的是饲养食蚜蝇（双翅目：食蚜蝇科），从而加强对苹果粉蚜（车前草蚜）的生物防治。2002年3月下旬和2003年再次接种特定的接骨木蚜虫（同翅目：蚜科），导致整个树篱变成了本地食蚜蝇的早期且高产的替代猎物库。2002年春季，食蚜蝇属的一些物种，如黄斑食蚜蝇、月斑食蚜蝇、黑带食蚜蝇、亮翅食蚜蝇、优雅管蚜蝇、亮角管蚜蝇、盾斑扁股蚜蝇、黑带食蚜蝇、三角斑食蚜蝇和黑带食蚜蝇，利用蚜虫侵染在接骨木树篱上发育。2003年的特点是物种丰度模式截然不同，与前一年单化性和多化性物种数量相当不同，单化性食蚜蝇（管蚜蝇属）成为利用接骨木蚜虫的优势群体。一项平行分析表明，春季在接骨木树篱上首次观察到产卵的成年食蚜蝇的粪便中，主要含有消化后的苹果花粉。我们的观察结果表明，通过管理一个受蚜虫侵染的接骨木树篱，在不添加任何额外的产花粉或花蜜植物情况下，有可能在苹果园中建立单化性食蚜蝇的本地种群。
