Etoh Shigehiko, Hosoya Mitsuaki, Aoyagi Yoshimichi, Tsukagoshi Akira, Takeda Izumi, Mitomo Masaki, Kawasaki Yukihiko, Suzuki Hitoshi
Department of Pediatrics, Public Iwase Hospital.
Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 2006 Mar;80(2):103-7. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.80.103.
Measles epidemic occurred in southern part of Fukushima Prefecture from April 2002 to July 2003. Public Iwase hospital in Sukagawa City was the central hospital in the measles epidemic area and 382 patients with measles were admitted to the hospital during the epidemic. Based on clinical records, age distribution, vaccination history, familiar infection and complications were retrospectively investigated. Moreover, the vaccination rates and their calculating methods in the area were compared and the problems on immunization against measles were discussed. As the result, we found that 1) measles epidemic centered on unvaccinated infants, 2) measles was still serious disease with many complications and sometimes fatal, 3) measles was highly infectious and there was no way for prevention except vaccination, 4) the actual condition of measles vaccination was not reflected exactly by the current calculating methods used for the local health reports by the Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. For the prevention of measles epidemic, it is necessary to know the exact numbers of patients infected with measles and patients deceased due to measles, to calculate precise vaccination rate, and to form the consensus among parents, physicians and administrators to control measles epidemic by the vaccination.
2002年4月至2003年7月，福岛县南部发生了麻疹疫情。须贺川市的岩濑公立医院是麻疹疫区的中心医院，疫情期间有382名麻疹患者入院。基于临床记录，对年龄分布、疫苗接种史、家庭感染情况及并发症进行了回顾性调查。此外，还比较了该地区的疫苗接种率及其计算方法，并讨论了麻疹免疫接种方面的问题。结果发现：1）麻疹疫情以未接种疫苗的婴儿为中心；2）麻疹仍是一种严重疾病，有许多并发症，有时甚至致命；3）麻疹传染性很强，除接种疫苗外没有其他预防方法；4）目前厚生劳动省用于地方健康报告的计算方法并未准确反映麻疹疫苗接种的实际情况。为预防麻疹疫情，有必要掌握感染麻疹的患者和因麻疹死亡的患者的确切人数，计算精确的疫苗接种率，并在家长、医生和管理人员之间形成共识，通过接种疫苗来控制麻疹疫情。
