Vieites David R, Chiari Ylenia, Vences Miguel, Andreone Franco, Rabemananjara Falitiana, Bora Parfait, Nieto-Román Sandra, Meyer Axel
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3160, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2006 May;15(6):1617-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02874.x.
Mantella bernhardi is an endemic species of Malagasy poison frog threatened by loss and fragmentation of its natural habitat and collection for the pet trade. It is classified as threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) categories and included in Appendix II of the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). A recent survey has increased the known distributional range of the species from one to eight populations across southeastern Madagascar, but little is known about its biology and genetic diversity. Here we estimate inter- and intrapopulation mitochondrial genetic variation of four populations. Populations from the northern and southern parts of the distributional range showed a high degree of divergence (maximum of 11.35% in cytochrome b) and were recovered as reciprocally monophyletic groups. Nine haplotypes were detected in the northern and 12 in the southern populations. The population from Ranomafana National Park showed the lowest number of haplotypes and nucleotide diversity, and shared its most common haplotype with the second northern population from Tolongoina. All the other detected haplotypes were unique to each of the four populations. This suggests the existence of important barriers to gene flow, pre-dating human colonization of Madagascar at about 2000 years ago, in distinct contrast to other Mantella species that show a high degree of haplotype sharing throughout their range. The continued habitat fragmentation within the distribution range of M. bernhardi prevents any connection between its populations. Our data indicate the existence of at least two different management units for conservation in this species, corresponding to the North and South of its distribution range, and highlight the existence of strong regional endemism in southeastern Madagascar.
贝尔纳迪曼蛙是马达加斯加特有的毒蛙物种，受到自然栖息地丧失、碎片化以及因宠物贸易而被捕捞的威胁。根据国际自然及自然资源保护联盟（IUCN）的分类，它被列为受威胁物种，并被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES）附录二。最近的一项调查将该物种已知的分布范围从马达加斯加东南部的一个种群增加到了八个种群，但对其生物学和遗传多样性却知之甚少。在此，我们估计了四个种群的种群间和种群内线粒体遗传变异。分布范围北部和南部的种群表现出高度的分化（细胞色素b的最大差异为11.35%），并被归为相互单系类群。在北部种群中检测到9种单倍型，在南部种群中检测到12种。拉努马法纳国家公园的种群单倍型数量和核苷酸多样性最低，并且与来自托隆戈伊纳的第二个北部种群共享其最常见的单倍型。所有其他检测到的单倍型在四个种群中各自都是独特的。这表明在大约2000年前人类殖民马达加斯加之前就存在重要的基因流动障碍，这与其他在整个分布范围内表现出高度单倍型共享的曼蛙物种形成鲜明对比。贝尔纳迪曼蛙分布范围内持续的栖息地碎片化阻碍了其种群之间的任何联系。我们的数据表明，该物种至少存在两个不同的保护管理单元，分别对应其分布范围的北部和南部，并突出了马达加斯加东南部存在强烈的区域特有性。
