Gelsema Tanya I, van der Doef Margot, Maes Stan, Janssen Marloes, Akerboom Simone, Verhoeven Chris
Department of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
J Nurs Manag. 2006 May;14(4):289-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00635.x.
This study examines the influence of changes in work conditions on stress outcomes as well as influence of changes in stress outcomes on work conditions. As such, it answers questions still open in the literature regarding causality of work environmental characteristics and the health of nurses.
A complete, two wave panel design was used with a time interval of 3 years. The sample consisted of 381 hospital nurses in different functions, working in different wards.
Changes in work conditions are predictive of the outcomes, especially of job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The strongest predictors of job satisfaction were social support from supervisor, reward and control over work. The strongest predictors of emotional exhaustion were work and time pressure and physical demands. Reversed relationships were also found for these outcomes.
The results of this study are consistent with transactional models of stress that indicate that stressors and stress outcomes mutually influence each other. To prevent nurses from a negative spiral, it seems of importance to intervene early in the process.
本研究探讨工作条件变化对应激结果的影响，以及应激结果变化对工作条件的影响。因此，它回答了文献中关于工作环境特征与护士健康因果关系仍未解决的问题。
采用完整的两波面板设计，时间间隔为3年。样本包括381名在不同病房担任不同职务的医院护士。
工作条件的变化可预测结果，尤其是工作满意度和情绪耗竭。工作满意度最强的预测因素是上级的社会支持、奖励和对工作的控制。情绪耗竭最强的预测因素是工作和时间压力以及身体需求。这些结果也存在反向关系。
本研究结果与应激的交互模型一致，该模型表明应激源和应激结果相互影响。为防止护士陷入消极循环，在该过程中尽早干预似乎很重要。
