Franco Amaya, Schuhmacher Marta, Roca Enrique, Luis Domingo José
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Environ Int. 2006 Aug;32(6):724-32. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2006.03.008. Epub 2006 May 2.
Specific-site data of metal concentration in cattle manure from NW Spain and a multicompartment fate and exposure model were used to evaluate metal fate and the main routes of exposure after a 100 year period of application of cattle manure as fertiliser in pastureland. Risk assessment was performed as a probabilistic analysis, and using a conservative worst-case exposure scenario. An accumulation model was used to predict the metal concentration in each environmental medium of concern. The incremental risk was estimated for the population inhabiting the surroundings of the area by a general multiexposure model. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to analyse uncertainty of the results. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the contribution to variance by the different metals and exposure routes. Among the five pathways evaluated, the ingestion of meat and milk from cattle grazing in the area represents the main contribution to total exposure. The results indicate that the incremental risk to human health for people living in the surroundings of pasturelands due to continuous application of cattle manure after a 100 year period are not negligible for the metals considered (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), posing a total Reasonable Maximum Exposure (RME) of 0.75, being the ingestion of meat the main exposure pathway.
利用西班牙西北部牛粪中金属浓度的特定地点数据以及一个多隔室归宿和暴露模型，评估了在牧场施用牛粪作为肥料100年后金属的归宿以及主要暴露途径。风险评估以概率分析的形式进行，并采用保守的最坏情况暴露情景。使用一个累积模型来预测各相关环境介质中的金属浓度。通过一个通用的多暴露模型估计了该地区周边居民的增量风险。进行了蒙特卡洛模拟以分析结果的不确定性。此外，还进行了敏感性分析，以确定不同金属和暴露途径对方差的贡献。在所评估的五条途径中，食用该地区放牧牛的肉和奶是总暴露的主要贡献因素。结果表明，对于所考虑的金属（镉、铜、镍、铅和锌），在100年期间持续施用牛粪后，牧场周边居民的人类健康增量风险不可忽视，总合理最大暴露量（RME）为0.75，食用肉类是主要暴露途径。
