McCready Tracey
Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Collingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2007 Jan;44(1):143-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.01.013. Epub 2006 Apr 24.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the literature on the portfolio as a tool for the assessment of competence in nurse education.
Literature reviews are a valuable source of information; by locating, appraising and synthesising evidence from primary studies they can provide reliable answers to focused questions. They can also help to plan new research by identifying both what is known and not known in a given area. Literature reviews adhere to a scientific methodology which seeks to minimise bias and errors generating inferences based on the synthesis of best available evidence.
The literature review was conducted utilising several databases, selected because of their relevance to the subject under review and including CINAHL and MEDLINE as well as a hand search of relevant journals and documents. The search terms included: nurses in education, portfolios and assessment and competence. Articles were included in the review if they focused on portfolios as a method of assessment in nurse education and if they were published after 1993 when portfolios first appeared in the nursing literature.
The review divides the literature into content themes allowing synthesis of the subject looking at consistencies and differences, followed by a summary and key arguments relating to the next theme.
Results highlight the importance of clear guidelines for portfolio construction and assessment, the importance of tri-partite support during portfolio development and guidelines for qualitative assessment. Where the portfolio process is well developed there are clear links to competence in practice.
The evidence on portfolios as a means of assessment continues to expand. If educators take on board the lessons learned from previous research and apply it to their assessment process, the difficulties found at present, in defining and measuring competence may be reduced.
本文旨在探讨将档案袋作为评估护士教育能力工具的相关文献。
文献综述是宝贵的信息来源；通过查找、评估和综合来自原始研究的证据，它们可以为特定问题提供可靠答案。它们还可以通过确定给定领域中已知和未知的内容来帮助规划新的研究。文献综述遵循科学方法，旨在尽量减少基于最佳可得证据的综合而产生的偏差和错误推断。
文献综述利用了几个数据库进行，这些数据库因其与所审查主题的相关性而被选中，包括护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）和医学文献数据库（MEDLINE），以及对相关期刊和文献的手工检索。检索词包括：教育中的护士、档案袋、评估和能力。如果文章关注档案袋作为护士教育评估方法，并且发表于1993年档案袋首次出现在护理文献之后，则纳入该综述。
该综述将文献分为内容主题，以便综合审视该主题的一致性和差异，随后对下一个主题进行总结和关键论证。
结果强调了档案袋构建和评估明确指南的重要性、档案袋开发过程中三方支持的重要性以及定性评估指南。在档案袋流程完善的地方，与实践能力有明确的联系。
关于档案袋作为一种评估手段的证据在不断扩展。如果教育工作者吸取以往研究的经验教训并将其应用于评估过程，目前在定义和衡量能力方面发现的困难可能会减少。
