Jiang H, Adams C
Environmental Research Center, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
Water Res. 2006 May;40(8):1657-67. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.013.
Recent research shows that herbicide atrazine (ATZ), simazine (SIM), and propazine (PROP), as well as their three chlorinated degrades-desethylatrazine (DEA), deisopropylatrazine (DIA), and didealkylatrazine (DDA)-may cause a common toxic effect in terms of endocrine disruption. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently considering a regulatory trigger based on the sum of these concentrations of these six chloro-s-triazines. While limited removal data exists for the parent compounds, little information is available for the degrades formed biologically and/or chemically in the environment and in the treatment plants. It is therefore critical to assess the removal efficiency in a typical water plant of the parent herbicides, as well as the daughter products. In this work, conventional drinking water treatment technologies were evaluated under typical water treatment plant conditions to determine their effectiveness in removing six chloro-s-triazines: ATZ, SIM, PROP, DEA, DIA, and DDA. Experiments were conducted using synthetic solutions prepared by spiking both distilled water and Missouri River water with the study compounds. Two powder activated carbons (PAC)--Calgon WPH and Norit HDB-were shown to be partially effective in removing the studied chloro-s-triazines. Ozonation efficiency varied, depending on different water sources, with respect to the removal of atrazine and didealkylatrazine. Coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation with alum and iron salts, excess lime/soda ash softening, and disinfection by free chlorine were all ineffective methods for removing chloro-s-triazines. It appears that chloro-s-triazine compounds are not readily removed by most conventional drinking water treatment processes, with the exception of use of activated carbon.
近期研究表明，除草剂阿特拉津（ATZ）、西玛津（SIM）和扑灭通（PROP），以及它们的三种氯化降解产物——去乙基阿特拉津（DEA）、去异丙基阿特拉津（DIA）和去二烷基阿特拉津（DDA）——在内分泌干扰方面可能会产生共同的毒性作用。美国环境保护局（EPA）目前正在考虑基于这六种氯代均三嗪的浓度总和设定一个监管触发值。虽然关于母体化合物的去除数据有限，但对于在环境和处理厂中通过生物和/或化学方式形成的降解产物，可用信息很少。因此，评估典型水厂中母体除草剂及其降解产物的去除效率至关重要。在这项工作中，在典型的水厂条件下对常规饮用水处理技术进行了评估，以确定它们去除六种氯代均三嗪（ATZ、SIM、PROP、DEA、DIA和DDA）的有效性。实验使用了通过向蒸馏水和密苏里河水中添加研究化合物制备的合成溶液进行。两种粉末活性炭（PAC）——卡尔冈WPH和诺芮特HDB——在去除所研究的氯代均三嗪方面显示出部分效果。臭氧氧化效率因水源不同而异，在去除阿特拉津和去二烷基阿特拉津方面有所不同。用明矾和铁盐进行混凝/絮凝/沉淀、过量石灰/纯碱软化以及用游离氯消毒都是去除氯代均三嗪的无效方法。看来除了使用活性炭外，大多数常规饮用水处理工艺都不容易去除氯代均三嗪化合物。
