Steineck Christian
Bonn University, Institute for Research on Modern Japan, Germany.
J Int Bioethique. 2005 Mar-Jun;16(1-2):29-40, 190. doi: 10.3917/jib.161.0029.
A survey of responses by Japanese bioethicists toward the notion of "person" and its use in mainstream Angloamerican bioethics reveals that Japanese bioethics, while taking the importance of Angloamerican bioethics as a starting point, has quickly moved beyond a mere receptive attitude. This article first briefly elucidates the historical background of the Japanese response by sketching out earlier accommodations of the philosophical concept of personhood in Japanese philosophy. It moves on to explore some of the criticisms levelled at the notion of personhood employed by bioethicists like Tooley or Singer, and analyses their primary motives and content. The following section introduces A. Muramatsu's attempt to critically reconstruct the notion of person, integrating aspects of modern philosophy of the human body. The critical evaluation of the theories explored makes a strong case for integrating the Japanese bioethical experience into the international discussion.
一项针对日本生物伦理学家对“人”的概念及其在主流英美生物伦理学中的应用的回应调查显示，日本生物伦理学虽然以英美生物伦理学的重要性为出发点，但很快就超越了单纯的接受态度。本文首先通过勾勒日本哲学中对人格哲学概念的早期接纳，简要阐明日本回应的历史背景。接着探讨了针对像图利或辛格等生物伦理学家所采用的人格概念提出的一些批评，并分析了其主要动机和内容。下一部分介绍了村松明的尝试，即批判性地重构人格概念，融入现代人体哲学的各个方面。对所探讨理论的批判性评估有力地证明了将日本生物伦理经验纳入国际讨论的合理性。
