Ball A P
Infectious Diseases Unit, Cameron Hospital, Windygates, UK.
J Int Med Res. 1991 Nov-Dec;19(6):446-50. doi: 10.1177/030006059101900603.
Azithromycin, a novel azalide antibiotic structurally related to erythromycin, has been shown by in vitro studies to have similar activity to erythromycin against Gram-positive pathogens but additionally to have increased activity against some Gram-negative bacteria, notably Haemophilus influenzae. Azithromycin achieves excellent concentrations in tissues, polymorphonuclear leucocytes and alveolar macrophages, and has a prolonged tissue elimination half-life. These properties suggest that short-course, once-daily treatment regimens will be appropriate for a variety of bacterial infections, including those of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues. The results of a series of clinical trials using such a regimen are reviewed. It is concluded that azithromycin is clinically and bacteriologically effective in these indications and is well tolerated when compared with regimens using standard antibiotics.
阿奇霉素是一种结构上与红霉素相关的新型氮杂内酯类抗生素，体外研究表明，它对革兰氏阳性病原体具有与红霉素相似的活性，但对某些革兰氏阴性菌，尤其是流感嗜血杆菌的活性有所增强。阿奇霉素在组织、多形核白细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞中可达到极佳的浓度，且组织消除半衰期延长。这些特性表明，短疗程、每日一次的治疗方案适用于多种细菌感染，包括呼吸道、皮肤和软组织感染。本文综述了一系列采用该方案的临床试验结果。结论是，阿奇霉素在这些适应症上具有临床和细菌学疗效，与使用标准抗生素的方案相比，耐受性良好。
