Olivers Christian N L, Nieuwenhuis Sander
Department of Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2006 Apr;32(2):364-79. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.364.
The attentional blink reflects the impaired ability to identify the 2nd of 2 targets presented in close succession--a phenomenon that is generally thought to reflect a fundamental cognitive limitation. However, the fundamental nature of this impairment has recently been called into question by the counterintuitive finding that task-irrelevant mental activity improves attentional blink performance (C. N. L. Olivers & S. Nieuwenhuis, 2005). The present study found a reduced attentional blink when participants concurrently performed an additional memory task, viewed pictures of positive affective content, or were instructed to focus less on the task. These findings support the hypothesis that the attentional blink is due to an overinvestment of attentional resources in stimulus processing, a suboptimal processing mode that can be counteracted by manipulations promoting divided attention.
注意瞬脱反映了连续快速呈现的两个目标中第二个目标识别能力受损的现象，这种现象通常被认为反映了一种基本的认知局限。然而，最近有一个违反直觉的发现对这种损伤的基本性质提出了质疑，即与任务无关的心理活动能改善注意瞬脱表现（C.N.L.奥利弗斯和S.纽温胡伊斯，2005）。本研究发现，当参与者同时执行一项额外的记忆任务、观看具有积极情感内容的图片或被指示减少对任务的关注时，注意瞬脱会减少。这些发现支持了这样一种假设，即注意瞬脱是由于在刺激处理中注意力资源过度投入所致，这是一种次优的处理模式，可以通过促进分散注意力的操作来抵消。
