Ziebland Sue, McPherson Ann
Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Med Educ. 2006 May;40(5):405-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2929.2006.02467.x.
This paper outlines an approach to analysing qualitative textual data from interviews and discusses how to ensure analytic procedures are appropriately rigorous.
Qualitative data analysis should begin at an early stage in data collection and be highly systematic. It is important to identify issues that emerge during the data collection and analysis as well as those that the researcher may have anticipated (from reading or experience). Analysis is very time-consuming, but careful sampling, the collection of rich material and analytic depth mean that a relatively small number of cases can generate insights that apply well beyond the confines of the study. One particular approach to thematic analysis is introduced with examples from the DIPEx (personal experiences of health and illness) project, which collects video- and audio-taped interviews that are freely accessible through http://www.dipex.org.
Qualitative analysis of patients' perspectives of illness can illuminate numerous issues that are important for medical education, some of which are unlikely to arise in the clinical encounter. Qualitative studies can also cover a much broader range of experiences - of both common and rare disease - than clinicians will see in practice. The DIPEx website is based on qualitative analysis of collections of interviews, illustrated with hundreds of video and audio clips, and is an innovative resource for medical education.
本文概述了一种分析访谈定性文本数据的方法，并讨论了如何确保分析程序具有适当的严谨性。
定性数据分析应在数据收集的早期阶段开始，并应具有高度的系统性。识别在数据收集和分析过程中出现的问题以及研究人员可能已经预见到的问题（通过阅读或经验）很重要。分析非常耗时，但仔细的抽样、丰富材料的收集和分析深度意味着相对较少的案例可以产生适用于超出研究范围的见解。本文通过DIPEx（健康与疾病个人经历）项目的示例介绍了一种特定的主题分析方法，该项目收集了可通过http://www.dipex.org免费获取的视频和音频访谈。
对患者疾病观点的定性分析可以阐明许多对医学教育很重要的问题，其中一些问题不太可能在临床接触中出现。定性研究还可以涵盖比临床医生在实践中看到的更广泛的经历——包括常见疾病和罕见疾病。DIPEx网站基于对访谈集的定性分析，配有数百个视频和音频片段，是医学教育的创新资源。
